indx-Agri2000
(Agri.dept.2000),
an Index in order of Burmese names in Myanmar akshara, by Agricultural
Department (Planning), Government of Union of Myanmar, 2000, pp 65.
Set in HTML by U Kyaw Tun (UKT), and staff of TIL
for staff and students of TIL. Not for sale. No copyright. Free for
everyone. Prepared for students and
staff of TIL Computing and
Language Center, Yangon, MYANMAR :
http://www.tuninst.net ,
http://www.softguide.net.mm ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
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MP-Para-indx.htm
Caution -- The botanical names
given by Myanmar authors, particularly the indigenous medical practitioners,
should be taken with caution. There are cases, where various Myanmar authors
gave different names primarily due to the lack of standardisation of
the Bur-Myan spellings. Moreover, all Myanmar authors
are not very careful about their Myanmar spellings. Similarly the English common names given by them
should be taken only as guides because of the lack coordination
amongst them.
To overcome this drawback in part, I have given the Bur-Myan spellings based on
MLC (Myanmar Language Commission) dictionaries using Romabama. The
entries listed on the right are given in Bur-Myan name, Scientific name
(Genus-Species), and Family name. You can check these with entries from
Chklist: |
Note the
:
{king:si:} spelling: |
UKT notes
•
Doggie's Tale - copy-paste
• Romabama: transliteration changed to
transcription
Mnemonic
The Doggie Tale:
Little doggie cringe in fear -- ŋ (velar),
Seeing Ella's flapping ears -- ɲ (palatal)
And, the Shepard's hanging rear -- ɳ (retroflex).
Doggie so sad he can't get it out
What's that Kasha क्ष when there's a Kha ख ?
And when there's Jana ज्ञ what I am to do with Jha झ?
Note to digitizer: you can copy and
paste the following:
Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ō ō Ū ū
Ḍ ḍ Ḥ ḥ Ḷ ḷ Ḹ
ḹ Ṁ ṁ Ṃ ṃ Ṅ ṅ
Ñ ñ Ṇ ṇ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ
Ś ś Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ ɕ ʂ
• Instead of Skt-Dev ः {wic~sa.} use "colon" :
• Root sign √
• Skt-Deva : श ś [ɕ] /ʃ/; ष ṣ [ʂ] /s/; स s [s] /θ/;
• Undertie in Dev transcription: ‿ U203F
• IPA symbols: ə ɛ ɪ ʌ ʊ ʧ ʤ θ ŋ ɲ ɳ
ɹ ʔ
Go back Dog-tale-note-b
-- UKT 121217
• English written in basic Latin script is a non-phonetic language and to relate the spoken language to script, you have to rely on IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet). Whereas, Burmese written in Myanmar script is a phonetic language, and can be easily (theoretically), changed into IPA, and then over to English. The unreliability of an English transcription in Myanmarpré is NOT the fault of the Bur-Myan language, but is due to the English, its phonology, and the limited nature of its alphabet. Moreover there are two main pronunciation systems to contend with: the RP (Received Pronunciation aka the British pronunciation), and, GA (General American). Bur-Myan is an abugida, NOT an alphabet, and there are more characters or glyphs in it.
• Bur-Myan is a non-rhotic language, and the "r" is rarely pronounced. When it occurs as the first consonant in a Romabama syllable, pronounce it as an English "y". In English RP, "r" is only slightly rhotic, whereas in GA it is more rhotic.
• Similar to the French, the end consonant in a Romabama syllable is not generally pronounced. This is in keeping with the Irrawaddy-valley accent of Bur-Myan. The MLC (Myanmar Language Commission) in keeping with this accent transcribes the syllable endings with a glottal stop / ' /. Remember in IPA the glottal stop is /ʔ/ (a question mark without the dot).
• Romabama consonant-akshara r6c1
• When you are writing Romabama always bear in mind that the diacritical marks may be lost.
• I have changed Romabama from a transliteration into transcription. The principal task in this change is to change the elusive inherent vowel a in Myanmar akshara {ak~hka.ra}. When in doubt, I had adopted the policy of leaving a as it is. Thus {kap} NOT {kup}, and {kyap} NOT {kyûp}.
• I have now dropped that policy, and have changed a taking note of the phonology of Burmese as well as English. I am now more comfortable in giving IPA transcriptions: formerly I had felt like the little TIL mascot with his tale of woe. See Doggie's Tale. I am now more confident. But, old transliterations still might remain because of oversight. Examples of change follows.
• For modal
{kya.}
/kja/, and the killed consonant which is used to check the a
of
{kya.}
/kja/:
¤
{ng} a is changed to i :
{kying} /kjɪŋ/
¤
{Ñ} a is changed to æ :
{kyæÑ}
/kjæɲ/
¤
{ñ} a
is changed to i :
{kyiñ}
/kjɪɲ/
¤
{n} a is changed to û :
{kyûn}
/kjʌn/
¤
{y} a is change to è :
as {kèý} /kjɛ/
• For close vowels of the same modal
{kya.}
/kja/ --
{kyi.} /kji/ &
{kyu.}
/kju/, the problem is to check i & u . However,
Bur-Myan phonology would ONLY allow some to be checked.
¤
{n} checking i to ai :
{kyain} 'to curse' - MED2006-035
¤
{n} checking u - not allowed. Only indefinite nasalization
allowed:
{kyoän} - MED2006-036
• From
{ka.} the vowel change can be one step only as in
{ki.} or
in {ku.}.
However there can be two steps --
{ko}
resulting in a compound vowel which are usually mistaken for diphthongs.
Bur-Myan has no diphthongs, and these compound vowels are monophthongs. Note
that both
{ki.} &
{ku.} are creaks -- i.e. extremely short vowels. In becoming the compound
{ko},
the vowel is lengthened to a modal. Checking the i , u , o
with killed consonants are more complex.
¤
{kain} -- MED2006-020
¤
{keing} 'to hold' -- MED2006-017
-- From the above note the use of <ai> and <ei>. Romabama spelling
and MLC spelling are opposite of each other. Speaking for Romabama, I feel that
the vowel in {kain} is more open than in {keing}, and since the English <a> is
more open than <e>, I have according set the Romabama vowels. I cannot and
should not speak for MLC.
• Please note that, since the Second World War, acronyms such as {lèý-seik-rhing:} (LSR) has been incorporated into Bur-Myan script. {lèý,seik,rhing:} stands for Agricultural Corporation.
Go back Romabama-note-b
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