TIL

Myanmar Medicinal Plant Database

compiled by U Kyaw Tun, U Pe Than, and staff of TIL. Not for sale.

Contents of this page:
Romabama entries in English-Latin alphabetical order.

• {pa-deing}  • Datura spp. • Solanaceae
• {pa.deing:hkat~ta} • Datura stramonium • Solanaceae
• {pa.deing:hpru} • Datura alba • Solanaceae
• {pa.deing:nak} • Datura fastuosa • Solanaceae
• {pa.deing:krak-thwun} • Urginea indica • Liliaceae
• {pan:ta.ma} • Melia azedarach • Meliaceae
• {pa.ran~na.wa} • Boerhaavia diffusa • Nyctaginaceae
• {pa.roat} - Identification controversy
• {pa.roat (hsing-na.mwun)} • Cinnamomum camphora • Lauraceae
• {pa.roat (ka-li-sa-ti-mwun)} • Callistemon lanceolatus • Mytaceae
• {pa.roat (ming-tha)} • Mentha piperita • Lamiaceae
• {pa.tè:kau: kri:} •  Alpinia galanga  • Zingiberaceae
• {pa.tè:kau: lé:}  • Alpinia officinarum • Zingiberaceae
• {pauk} • Butea species • Fabaceae
• {pè:nan°.tha} • Trigonella foenumgraecum • Fabaceae
• {ping.ku-hteip-peit} • Leucas cephalotes  • Lamiaceae
• {ping-seim: (ping-pwa:)} • • Lamiaceae
• {poaN~Ða.raik} • Ixora coccinea • Rubiaceae
• {pu-di-na} • Mentha sylvestris • Labiatae 
• {pu-di-na (tau:)} • Mentha viridis  • Lamiaceae
• {pwé:keing:}   • Cassia angustifolia • Caesalpiniaceae 

Main Index of DB | Top
Contents of this page

{pa.deing:}

Datura spp.

Family: Solanaceae

UKT: Four species of datura (genus Datura, family Solanacea) were listed by Agri.Dept.2000 on page 34
• 34-0900: D. stramonium -- {pa.deing: khat~ta} -- Stramonium
• 34-0901: D. stramonium var. tatual  -- {pa.deing: Ño} -- Blue Datura
• 34-0902: D. fastuasa -- {pa.deing: ni} {pa.deing: nak} -- Black Datura
• 34-0903: D. alba  -- {pa.deing: hpru} -- White Datura, Thorn Apple

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
{pa.deing:} - - TravPo-M-Dict 179
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} - - TravPo-M-Dict 179
   UKT: TravPo-M-Dict 179 also gives {pa.deing:ño} as an alternate name for {pa.deing:hkat~ta}

{pa.deing:} - n. 1. species of Datura . 2. angel's trumpet, Datura suaveolens - Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} - n. thorn-apple; stramonium, Datura stramonium - Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pan:teing:} - n. See {pa.daing:} - Myan-Engl-Dict 276

For more information, go to Datura spp.

Contents of this page

{pa.deing:hkat~ta}

Datura stramonium

Family: Solanaceae

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0900: {pa.daing:hkat~ta}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 210: Padaing - khatta
• Nagathein 2-266: {pan:daing:hkat~ta}
• UHM 21: Padaing-khatta

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
{pa.daing:} - - TravPo-M-Dict 179
{pa.daing:hkat~ta} - - TravPo-M-Dict 179
   UKT: TravPo-M-Dict 179 also gives {pa.deing:ño} as an alternate name for {pa.daing:hkat~ta}

{pa.daing:} - n. 1. species of Datura . 2. angel's trumpet, Datura suaveolens - Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pa.daing:hkat~ta} - n. thorn-apple; stramonium, Datura stramonium - Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pan:taing:} - n. See {pa.daing:} - Myan-Engl-Dict 276

For more information, go to Datura stramonium

Contents of this page

{pa.deing:hpru}

Datura alba

syn.: Datura metel 

Family: Solanaceae

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0903: {pa.deing:hpru}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin :
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-268: {pan:teing:thi: (a.hpru)}
• UHM 21: Padaing-phyu -- listed as D. metel

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
NL in both TravPo-M-Dict and Myan-Engl-Dict

For more information, go to Datura alba

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{pa.daing:nak}

Datura fastuosa

Family: Solonaceae

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0902: {pa.deing:ni}/ {pa.deing:nak}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein: NL
• UHM 20: Padaing-me

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
{pa.deing:} - - TravPo-M-Dict 179
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} - - TravPo-M-Dict 179
   UKT: TravPo-M-Dict 179 also gives {pa.deing:ño} as an alternate name for {pa.deing:hkat~ta}

{pa.deing:} - n. 1. species of Datura . 2. angel's trumpet, Datura suaveolens - Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} - n. thorn-apple; stramonium, Datura stramonium - Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pan:teing:} - n. See {pa.daing:} - Myan-Engl-Dict 276

For more information, go to Datura fastuosa

Contents of this page

{pa.deing:krak-thwun}

Urginea indica 

Urginea scilla (Steinheil); Scilla maritima (Linn.),
Urginea indica  -- www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/squill86.html

Family: Liliaceae.

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0899: {pa.deing:krak-thwun}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein : NL
• UHM 43: Padaing-kyet-thun

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : NL

UKT: Scilla, the classical name of the plant, is derived from a Greek word meaning to excite or disturb, as an emetic does the stomach. Scilla maritima was the name given by Linnaeus, but this was changed to Urginea, in allusion to the Algerian tribe Ben Urgin, near Boma, where Steinheil in 1834 examined this plant, removing it from the genus Scilla. The main difference between the genera is that the genus Urginea has flat, discoid seeds, while in Scilla proper they are triquetrous (threeangled, with three concave faces). Baker named it Urginea maritima, but it now retains Scilla as its specific name.-- www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/s/squill86.html

For more information, go to Urginea indica

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{pan:ta.ma}

Melia azedarach

Family: Meliaceae

Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts :
• Agri.Dept.2000 38-1006: {pan:ta.ma}
• FAO :  NL
• KS-TMN 158: Pan-tamar
• Nagathein 2-003:
• UHM : NL

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{ta.ma} - --TravPo-M-Dict 121
{ta.ma} - n. neem tree, margosa tree, Azadirachta indica -- Myan-Engl-Dict 163

For more information, go to Melia azedarach

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{pa.ran~na.wa}

Boerhaavia diffusa  

Syn.: Boerhavia adscendens, B. caribaea, B. coccinea,
B. erecta, B. hirsuta, B. paniculata, B. repens, B.viscosa

Family: Nyctaginaceae

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 35-0913: {pa.ran~na.wa}
• FAO :
• Lè-seik-shing 271: {pu.ran~na.wa}
• KS-TMN 170: Payan-nawa
• Nagathein 2-186: {pa.ran~na.wa}
• UHM 08: Payan-nawa

Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{pa.ran~na.wa} -   -- TravPo-M-Dict 180
{pa.ran~na.wa} - NL - Myan-Engl-Dict

UKT: Both {pa.ran~na.wa} and {pa.ran-na.wa} are orthographically the same, except perhaps in the way you pronounce the disyllable {ran~na} which is usually pronounce very fast.
   A comparison of the name in Hindi-Devanagari and Burmese-Myanmar is interesting. The word initial in Hindi-Devanagari is पु (Nagathein) which corresponds to {pu.} in Burmese-Myanmar. Since in {pu.} in some Burmes-Myanmar words (e.g., pu.theim, pu.tat} is pronounced {pa.}, we could easily write {pa.ran-na.wa} as   {pa.ran-na.wa}. Transliterating Myanmar to Devanagari would then give the word initial as पु.

For more information, go to Boerhaavia diffusa

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{pa.roat} - Identification Controversy

by UKT:

The first time I became aware of the controversy over the Burmese-Myanmar word {pa.roat} was in the early 1950s, when I, as a budding chemist, was trying to reconcile what was available on the Rangoon (Yangon) market and what I was learning in the Rangoon University. There were two entirely different materials available in the Burmese markets: {pa.roat.loan:} and {pa.roat.pra:} which literally means the "ball {pa.roak}" and the "slab {pa.roak}". The "ball {pa.roak}" is naphthalene ball, and the "slab {pa.roak}" is camphor in small slabs or lumps available in Burmese apothecary shops, {pa.ra.hsé: hsaing}, which are usually found in local bazaars. If you would like to buy Western medicines you would have to go the pharmacies where no Myanmar indigenous medicine was available.

For more information, go to {pa.roat} - Identification controversy

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{pa.roat (hsing-na.mwun)}

Cinnamomum camphora

Family: Lauraceae

MMPDB2006: {pa.roat (hsin-na.mwun)}

• Data from Chklist: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees & Eberm. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Cultivated.  Common Names: Japan camphor tree, Payok, Payuk

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 35-0908: {pa.roat}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 263 : {pa.roat ping}
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 2-192: {pa.roat (ta.roat)}
• UHM 15: Pa-yok - Cinnamomum camphora

UKT:
• This plant was listed as {hsing-na. pa.roat} in MMPDB2005
• Naagathein vol 2, p189-192 had given two species with Burmese-Myanmar names {pa.roat} as: {pa.roat-ping} and {pa.roat (ta.roat)} -- the second name had "Chinese" as a qualifier within parentheses . This is usually read in Burmese as {ta.roat pa.roat}.

Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{pa.roat} - -- TravPo-M-Dict 180
{pa.roat} - n. camphor or naphthalene. -- Myan-Engl-Dict 252

camphor n. 1. An aromatic crystalline compound, C₁₀H₁₆O, obtained naturally from the wood or leaves of the camphor tree or synthesized and used as an insect repellent, in the manufacture of film, plastics, lacquers, and explosives, and in medicine chiefly in external preparations to relieve mild pain and itching. [Middle English caumfre from Anglo-Norman from Medieval Latin camphora from Arabic kāfūr possibly from Malay kapur Sanskrit karpūrah/] -- AHTD

For more information, go to Cinnamomum camphora

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{pa.roat (ka-li-sa-ti-mwun)}

Callistemon lanceolatus

Family: Mytaceae

MMPDB2006: {pa.roat (ka.li-sa.ti-mwun)}

• Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, Syn: C. lanceolatus, Family: Myrtaceae
   -- http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Myrtaceae/Callistemon_citrinus.html

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 35-0909 : {pa.roat:hsi}
• FAO :
• Lè-seik-shin :
• KS-TMN:
• Nagathein 2-189: {pa.roat.pin} "Camphora officinarum "
• UHM

UKT: {pa.roat} --   See Identification controversy

For more information, go to Callistemon lanceolatus

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{pa.roat (ming-tha)}

Mentha piperita

Family: Lamiaceae / Labiatae

MMPDB2006: {pa.roat (ming-tha)}

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 35-0910: {pa.roat é:}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin :
• KS-TMN :
• Nagathein 2-446: {ba.la.shing-ping}
• UHM : NL

ba.la.shing-ping

UKT: The name {ba.la.shing} is probably a coined word which came into use only after World War I and before World War II. I would placed it in the 1930s, when an oral freshener manufactured by Tiger Balm Co. (now based in Singapore) became popular. The brand name was {ba.la.shing} and its main odour was due to menthol. I, as a child (I was born in the 1930s), was quite fond of it. I would have to consult my peers to find out who applied the name {ba.la.shing} to Ocimum gigantea and {ba.la.shing-ping} to Mentha piperita .
• Official Myanmar Dictionary did not list .
   - TravPo-M-Dict 215

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries: not listed as {pa.roat é:}, nor {ming-thau:} in:
-- TravPo-M-Dict and Myan-Engl-Dict

For more information, go to Mentha piperita

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{pa.tè:kau: kri:}

Alpinia galanga ; A. conchigera

Family: Zingiberaceae

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0896: {pa.tè:kau: kri:}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 257 : {pa.tè:kau: kri:}
• KS-TMN 222 : Pade-gaw-gyi
• Nagathein 2-183: {pa.tè:kau: kri:}
• UHM : NL

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{pa.tè:kau:} - -- TravPo-M-Dict 179
{pa.tè:kau:} - n. an aromatic herb of the ginger family, Hedychium gracile -- Myan-Engl-Dict 250
{pa.tè:kau kri:} - n. greater galingale, Alpinia conchigera -- Myan-Engl-Dict 250 
{pa.tè:kau: ping} - Myan-Ortho - 140 

For more information, go to Alpinia galanga

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{pa.tè:kau:lé:}

Alpinia officinarum

Family: Zingiberaceae

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0895: {pa.tè:kau: ka.lé:}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 261 : {pa.tè:kau: lé:}
• KS-TMN  : NL
• Nagathein 2-185: {pa.tè:kau: (ngèý)}
• UHM 04: Padegaw-gale

UKT: Three species of galangal (genus Alpinia, family Zingiberaceae) were listed by Agri.Dept.2000 p. 34
• 34-0895: A. officinarum -- {pa.tè:kau: ka.lé:} -- Lesser galangal
• 34-0896: A. galanga -- {pa.tè:kau: kri:} -- Greater galangal
• 34-0897: A. nutans -- {pa.tè:kau: lat} -- Nutral galangal

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{pa.tè:kau:} - -- TravPo-M-Dict 179
{pa.tè:kau:} - n. an aromatic herb of the ginger family, Hedychium gracile -- Myan-Engl-Dict 250
{pa.tè:kau kri:} - n. greater galingale, Alpinia conchigera -- Myan-Engl-Dict 250 
{pa.tè:kau: ping} - Myan-Ortho - 140

For more information, go to Alpinia officinarum

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{pauk}

Butea frondosa

syn. B. monosperma

Family: Fabaceae

Though Chklist treats B. frondosa and B. monosperma as separate species, both Nagathein and UHM give the names as synonyms. Two Indian sources (www.himalayahealthcare.com and www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm) also treat them as the same species.

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 37-0970: {pauk}
  -- B. letrasperma is probably misspelled
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 275: {pauk-ping} (no syn. given)
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-235: {pauk}
  - B. monosperma syn. B. frondosa
• UHM 10: Pauk
  -- B. monosperma syn. B. frondosa

Other sources:
•Butea monosperma syn. B. frondosa (Sanskrit: Palasa) --  www.himalayahealthcare.com
• Butea monosperma, Butea frondosa . Family: Faboideae / Leguminosae / Papilionaceae
Common names: Flame of the Forest, Dhak, Palas, Bastard Teak, Parrot Tree, Dhak or Palas (Hindi); Porasum (Tamil) ; Khakda (Gujerati). Origin: India -- www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{pauk} - -- TravPo-M-Dict 189
{pauk} - tree bearing showy clusters of red flowers in April; flame of the forest; parrot tree; bastard teak, Butea monosperma  -- TravPo-M-Dict 266

For more information, go to Butea frondosa

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{pè:nan°.tha}

Trigonella foenumgraecum

Family: Fabaceae

Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 36-0952: {pè:nan°.tha}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-221: {pè:nan°.tha}
• UHM : NL

Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{pè:nan°.tha} - --TravPo-M-Dict  186
{pè:nan°.tha} - n. fenugreek. Trigonella foenumgraecum. --Myan-Engl-Dict  261
- Myan-Ortho

For more information, go to Trigonella foenumgraecum

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{ping.ku-hteip-peit}

Leucas cephalotes Spreng.

Family : Labiatae
Family (Chklist): Lamiaceae

Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts :
• Agri.Dept.2000 38-0989 :  {ping.ku-hteip-peit}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 291: {ping.ku-hteip-peit}
• KS-TMN 113: Pinku-hteik-peik
• Nagathein 2-245: {ping.ku-hteip-peit}
• UHM : NL

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries: {ping.ku-hteip-peit}
-- NL in TravPo-M-Dict
-- NL in Myan-Engl-Dict

For more information, go to: Leucas cephalotes

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{ping-seim: (ping-pwa:)}

Ocimum basilicum

Family: Labiatae
Family (Chklist): Lamiaceae

Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts :
• Agri.Dept.2000 41-1080 : {ba.la.shing (mré-pran.)}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 114: Pin-sein; pin-pwa
• Nagathein
  2-242: {ping-seim: (ping-pwa:)} -- Ocimum basilicum
• UHM

UKT: The word {ba.la.shing} used together with {ping} to give the compound word {ba.la.shing ping} literally meaning the "plant of {ba.la.shing} is used by Nagathein 2-319 for Mentha piperita -- (Eng) Peppermint.

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries
/ -- TravPo-M-Dict 189
n. basil, Ocimum canum -- Myan-Engl-Dict 267

For information, go to Ocimum basilicum

Contents of this page

{poaN~Ða.raik}

Ixora coccinea

Family: Rubiaceae

Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts:
• Agri.Dept.2000 38-0995:  {poaN~Na.rait}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 193: Pone-na-yeik
• Nagathein : NL
• UHM : NL

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{poaN~Ða.raik} - -- TravPo-M-Dict- 192
{poaN~Ða.raik} - n. ixora, Ixora arborea. -- Myan-Engl-Dict 273

For more information, go to Ixora coccinea

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{pu-di-na}

Mentha sylvestris

Family: Labiatae.
Family (Chklist): Lamiaceae

Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 36-0936: c {pu-di-na}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 2-213: {pu-di-na}
• UHM 32: Pudina

• Official Myanmar Dictionaries : {pu-di-na}
-    -- TravPo-M-Dict 185
- n. mint, Mentha avensis -- Myan-Engl-Dict 259

For more information, go to: Mentha sylvestris

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{pu-di-na (tau:)}

Mentha viridis

Family: Labiatae
Family (Chklist): M. viridis is NL

Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts :
• Agri.Dept.2000 : NL
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 2-213: {pu-di-na (tau:)}
• UHM : NL

Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries : {pu-di-na}
-    -- TravPo-M-Dict 185
- n. mint, Mentha avensis -- Myan-Engl-Dict 259

For more information, go to: Mentha viridis

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{pwé:keing:}

Cassia angustifolia

Family: Caesalpiniaceae

Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 40-1049:  {pwé:keing:}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 301: {pwé:keing:}
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 2-296: {pwé:keing: (boan°being)}
• UHM 12 :  Pwe-gaing

UKT: Both Cassia angustifolia Vahl, and Cassia elongata Lam. are syn. of Senna alexandrina P. Mill. -- www.henriettesherbal.com/php/get.php?id=13087

Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{pwé:keing:} - TravPo-M-Dict 204
{pwé:keing:} - n. senna, Cassia acutifolia, C. angustifolia --  Myan-Engl-Dict 293

For more information, go to: Cassia angustifolia

Contents of this page

Entry format: Burmese-Myanmar name / Botanical name / Family / Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts / Official Myanmar Dictionary / Hindi / Sanskrit / English common name used in Myanmar / Picture / Plant identification characters / Distribution in Myanmar / Part used and uses / Constituents /
End of TIL file