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Family: Meliaceae 4 entries
Azadirachta indica
{ta.ma}
; {ta.ma-hka:}
Azadirachta spp.
Cedrela spp.
Cedrela toona {this.ka.to:}
Melia azedarach
{pan:ta.ma}
Melia birmanica {tau-ta.ma hka:}
,
{pan:ta.ma}
Melia spp. - to be read together with
Nagathein's note on {ta.ma}
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Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
Agri.Dept.2000 24-0630:
{ta.ma} or
{ta.ma kri:}
FAO 75: tamaka
Lθ-seik-shin 205:
{ta.ma}
KS-TMN 157: Ta-mar; Ta-mar-kha
Nagathein 2-009:
{ta.ma} or
{ta.ma kri:}
UHM 07: Ta-mar
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{ta.ma}
-
--TravPo-M-Dict
121
{ta.ma}
- n. neem tree, margosa tree, Azadirachta indica -- Myan-Engl-Dict 163
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
Agri.Dept.2000 24-0630: Margosa tree; Neem
FAO 75: Neem, Margosa-tree
Lθ-seik-shin 205: NG (not given)
KS-TMN 157: Neem Tree; Indian Lilac; Margosa Tree.
Nagathein 2-009: NG
UHM 07:
Margosa, Neem
Picture:
Leader from FAO
Photos:
left -- habit with flowers;
right -- habit with fruits.
Click on the pictures to enlarge. -- KS-TMN
Plant identification characters :
A large tree; younger stems cylindrical, pubescent, the older ones glabrous. Leaves alternate, unipinnately compound, paripinnate to sometimes imparipinnate; exstipulate; petioles glabrous, pulvinate; racheae glabrous; petiolules obsolete; leaflets in 4-6 opposite pairs, obliquely elliptic, subfalcate, if imparipinnate, the terminal ones smaller, the bases oblique, the margins irregularly serrate, the tips acuminate, the surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences in axillary paniculate cymes; penduncles glabrous; bracts small, narrowly ovate, caducous. Flowers pedicellate, bracteoles minute, caducous, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypoghnous. Calyx synsepalous, 5-lobed, basally connate, the lobes ovate, glabrescent with hairy margins, sepaloid. Corolla apopetalous, petals 5, oblanceolate, glabrescent, white. Androecium monadelphous, stamens 10, the staminal tubes with toothed apices, striated, glabrous without, tomentose within, white, the anthers dithecous, ovoid, sessile, inserted withing the staminal tubes slightly below the apices, dorsifixed, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal. Pistil 1, ovary ovoid, glabrous, 3-carpelled, syncarpous, 3-loculed, the placentation axile, the ovules 2, collateral in each locule, the styles cylindrical, the stigma 3-lobed, disc subtending the ovary minute. Fruit a 1-seeded drupe, oblongoid, glabrous; seed ellipsoid, glabrous, non-endospermic. Flowering period: January-April. Fruiting period: March-June -- KS-TMN
A glabrous deciduous tree 10-50 feet with pinnate 20-45 cm leaves crowded near the end of the branches, leaflets 9-15, opposite, subopposite or alternate lanceolate, acuinate, oblique, serrate, glabrous, short petioled. -- UHM
Distribution in Myanmar:
Grows wild in dry forests. Commonly planted throughout Myanmar. -- KS-TMN
Pakokku, Myingyan, Meiktila, along Pyinmana-Thazi railroad, Dry Zone -- UHM
Part used and used as:
Metrorrhagia; Emesis; Oedema: Leprosy; Infections; Carbuncles; Loss of appetite; Fatigue; To allay thirst; Cough; Antidote for poisons; Heal sores; Pyrexia. Twig -- Cough; Asthma; Haemorrhoids; Abdominal tumours; Infections. Leaf -- Haematemesis; Opthalmia; Leprosy; Infections; Loss of appetite; Biliousness; Good for eyes; Astringent effect; Antidote for poisons. Flower -- Biliousness; Expectorant; Infections. Unripe fruit -- Leprosy; Abdominal tumours; Haemorrhoids; Infections. Ripe fruit -- Haematemesis; Opthalmia; Chest pain. Seed and oil -- Leprosy; Infections. Seed oil -- Biliousness; Carminative; Expectorant; Leprosy; Infections; Carbuncles; Haemorrhoids; Oedema; Biliary infection; Blood disease; Pyrexia -- KS-TMN
Leaves and seeds. Used as Parasitotropic affections of the skin, eczema, scabies, prevent against small pox and other skin infections. Substitute for gentian and quassia -- UHM
Constituents:
1. Margesine, 2. Bitter amorphous resin, 3. Margosic acid, 4. Tannic acid (4) -- UHM
Results of search for 'Azadirachta' in the Checklist of Plants of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 11 May 2006.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Habit: Tree.
Distribution: Wide.
Common Names: Margosa tree, Neem, Tama, Tamaga
Results of search for 'Cedrela' in the Checklist of Plants of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 12 May 2006.
Cedrela febrifuga Blume. Habit: Tree. Distribution:
Kachin, Sagaing.
Common Names: Mai-yum, Petsut-ye-tama, Shin-shit, Ye-tama
Cedrela microcarpa C. DC. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing.
Common Names: Taw-tama
Cedrela serrata Royle. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Chin, Kachin,
Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan.
Common Names: Hill toon, Taung-tama, Thitma-e
Toona ciliata M. Roemer. Cited as: Cedrela toona
Roxb. Habit: Tree.
Distribution: Bago, Mandalay, Shan, Yangon.
Common Names: Indian mahogany, Kashit-ka, Latsai, Mai-yum, Moulmein
cedar, Red cedar, Taung-tama, Thit-kado, Toon, Toon
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts :
Agri.Dept.2000 61-1622:
{this.ka.to:}
FAO : NL
KS-TMN : NL
Nagathein 3-455:
{this.ka.to:}
UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{this.ka.to:} -
-- TravPo-M-Dict 334
{this.ka.to:} - NL - Myan-Engl-Dict
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
Agri.Dept.2000 61-1622: Toon tree
FAO : NL
KS-TMN : NL
Nagathein 3-455: NG
UHM : NL
Picture:
Leader -- Nagathein
Photo: left - clump, right - leaves. Click to enlarge.
http://selectree.calpoly.edu/Photos/Cedrela_sinensis/images/suckers-(clump).jpg
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts :
Agri.Dept.2000 38-1006:
{pan:ta.ma}
FAO : NL
KS-TMN 158: Pan-tamar
Nagathein 2-003:
UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{ta.ma}
-
--TravPo-M-Dict
121
{ta.ma}
- n. neem tree, margosa tree, Azadirachta indica -- Myan-Engl-Dict 163
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
Agri.Dept.2000 38-1006: not given
FAO : NL
KS-TMN 158: Bead Tree; Persian Lilac; Bastard Cedar: Pride of China; Pride of
India
Nagathein 2-003: not given
UHM : NL
Picture:
Leader from FAO
Photos:
left -- habit with flowers;
right -- habit with fruits.
Click on the pictures to enlarge. -- KS-TMN
Plant identification characters:
A large tree, trunks short, erect; younger stems ferruginous pubescent, the older ones glabrous. Leaves alternate, bipinnately compound, imparipinnate; exstipulate; petioles glabrous, pulvinate; leaflets in 1-4 opposite pairs on each secondary racheae, ovate to sometimes oblique, the bases obtuse to sometimes oblique, the margins serrate, the tips acuminate, the surfaces glabrous; petiolules short, foliaceous, pinnate to bipinnate on the primary peduncles. Flowers pedicellate, bracteoles minute, caducous, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx synsepalous, 5-lobed, basally connate, the lobes ovate, ferruginous without, glabrous within. Corolla apeopetalous, the petals 5, oblanceolate, pubescent without, glabrous within, light purple. Androecium monadelphous, stamens 10, the staminal tube with toothed apices, the anthers dithecous, oblongoid, inserted within the staminal tube slightly below the toothed apices, dorsifixed, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal. Pistil 1, ovary ovoid, glabrous, 5-carpelled, syncarpous, 5-loculed, the placentation axile, with 2 superposed ovules in each locule, the style 1, cylindrical, the stigma 5-fid, the disc subtending the ovary annular. Fruit a drupe, ovoid or oblongoid, glabrous, dark green to yellow; seed 1, 5-grooved, glabrous, endosperm thin and fleshy. Flowering and fruiting periods: March-May -- KS-TMN
UKT: The colour of flowers given the photo is undoubtedly yellow which does not agree with the colour "light purple" given above. See Nagathein's note on {ta.ma} .
A medium-sized tree, about 40 ft high. A beautiful tree with straight stem. The
leaves are like the leaves of {ta.ma} [Azadirachta indica
] but larger. Leaves grayish turning yellowish with age. An oil similar to that
of {ta.ma} [Azadirachta indica ] can be obtained from seeds. A latex
issues from the trunk in March and April. -- Nagathein, free translation by UKT
.
Distribution in Myanmar:
Grows wild and cultivated throughout tropical Myanmar. -- KS-TMN
Part used and uses:
Haematemesis, Pyrexia; Leprosy; Emesis; Cholera; Heart; disease; Skin infection; Expectorant; Cause dehydration of the body; Haemorrhoid; Infections; Cough Burning sensation of the body; Antidote for rat bite poison. Leaf and flower -- Oedema during pregnancy; Menstrual disorder; Amenorrhoea; Diabetes; Lithiasis; Inflections; Epilepsy; Intestinal Colic; Haemorrhoid; Head-ache. Flower -- Scabies; Pruritis; Pimples; Skin disease. Seed -- Arthritis; Haemorrhoid; Polyuria; Muscle stiffiness; Destrution of hair follicles. Heart wood -- Osteoarthritis of the knee. -- KS-TMN
Constituents:
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts :
Agri.Dept.2000 26-681:
{tau-ta.ma hka:},
{pan: ta.ma}
FAO : NL
KS-TMN : NL
Nagathein 2-005:
{ta.ma (pan:ta.ma)}
UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{ta.ma}
-
--TravPo-M-Dict
121
{ta.ma}
- n. neem tree, margosa tree, Azadirachta indica -- Myan-Engl-Dict 163
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
Agri.Dept.2000 26-681: NG
FAO : NL
KS-TMN : NL
Nagathein 2-005: NG
UHM : NL
Picture:
Plant identification characters:
The tree has a straight stem like that of ordinary {ta.ma} [Azadirachta indica
]. The smaller branches are extremely smooth. Leaves like that of {ta.ma} are in
groups of 2's and 3's and oval shaped, and serrated. Flowers greenish white.
Fruit oblong and yellow. When dried the fruit looks like a date [Phoenix
sylvestris, Agri.dept.2000 19-488]. However, it is extremely bitter, and is
therefore known as "bitter date". The seed is extremely hard. Only the fruit has
medicinal use. -- Nagathein, free translation by UKT.
Distribution in Myanmar :
Part used and uses :
Constituents
Results of search for 'Melia' in the Checklist of Plants of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 11 May 2006.
Melia azedarach L. Habit: Small tree.
Distribution: Cultivated.
Common Names: Bead tree, Hlim hlerm, Pan-tama, Persian lilac,
Thinbaw-pan-tama
Melia birmanica Kurz. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Mon, Sagaing,
Taninthayi.
Common Names: Pan-tama, Taw-tamaga
Melia composita Willd. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Bago, Chin, Kachin,
Magway, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon
Common Names: Pan-tama
Melia dubia Hiern. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Pan-tama
Melia excelsa Jack. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Mon, Taninthayi.
Common Names: Tama-gale
UKT: It is not well known that there are 2 genera of plants collectively called
{ta.ma} in Burmese-Myanmar: genus-Azadirachta and
genus-Melia .
However, it is commonly known that there are several kinds of {ta.ma}, and the
leaves of one is a favorite "vege-mate"
{to.sa.ra}. See
Myanmar cuisine. The following is
from Nagathein 2-011 with free translation and additions (within [ ]) -- by UKT.
The
summary of 6 kinds of {ta.ma} according to Burmese-Myanmar tradition:
1.
{ba.ma ta.ma} - common to Upper Myanmar. [kind used as vege-mate
{to.sa.ra}. It is not as bitter as the other kinds.]
2.
{ku.la: ta.ma} - commonly found on roadsides. Leaves are smaller, and serration
more deep, and taste more bitter [than {ba.ma ta.ma}]. The tree is the source of
{ta.ma} gum which is soluble in water giving a strong glue. The glue is not
attacked by insects.]. Some people mistakenly eat the leaves of the commonly
found
{thin:bau: tιΡ} as
{thing:bau: ta.ma}. [By {thing:bau: ta.ma}, Nagathein 2-003
meant Melia azedarach ].
3.
{pan:ta.mar} - also known as {ta.ma pra} [blue {ta.ma}] because of the blue
colour of flowers.
4.
{taung ta.ma} - leaves are larger [than {ba.ma ta.ma}] and extremely bitter.
Almost no leaf-edge serration. People from Forestry department call it
{this.ka.to:} [Cedrela toona Agri.dept.2000
61-1622].
5.
{ta.ma hkyo} or {ta.ma cho} - small tree. Parts of the plant [leaves and stems]
odourous. Leaves un-serrated. When compared with ordinary {ta.ma} [{ba.ma ta.ma}]
not bitter.
6.
{rι ta.ma} - [Nagathein did not elaborate]. [Many people by {rι ta.ma} mean
those small planted by the Municipality of Yangon along road-sides. These trees
are not commonly found elsewhere.]
UKT:
Entry format: Botanical name / Family / Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts ( Agri.Dept.2000 :
FAO :
Lθ-seik-shin :
KS-TMN:
Nagathein :
UHM :/ Myanmar-Script Spelling (
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho
/ Hindi /
Sanskrit / English common name used in Myanmar / Picture /
Plant identification characters / Distribution in Myanmar / Part
used and uses / Constituents /
End of TIL file
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