Update:
2013-01-01 12:14 AM +0630
TIL
Myanmar Medicinal Plant Database
Family: Fabaceae
Fabaceae.htm
A compilation by
U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA),
U Pe Than, B.Sc. (Univ. of Rangoon), M.Pharm.
(Univ. of Nottingham, U.K.), and staff of
Tun Institute of Learning (TIL) .
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and
staff of TIL Computing and Language Center, Yangon, MYANMAR :
http://www.tuninst.net ,
http://www.softguide.net.mm ,
www.romabama.blogspot.com
index.htm |
Top
MMPD-indx.htm
Family: Fabaceae 10 entries
In earlier versions of this MMPDB, Fabaceae was listed as Papilionaceae.
• Fabaceae family - general characters
• Abrus precatorius
• {rwé:ka.lé:}
/ {rwéy: ping}
• Butea frondosa syn. Butea monosperma
• {pauk}
• Glycyrrhiza glabra
• {nwèý-hkyo}
• Mucuna prurita
• {hkwé:lhé:ya:}
• Psoralea corylifolia
• {né-lhèÑ.}
• Pueraria candollei •
• Pueraria mirifica
• {U.mhwun: ping}
/
{U.mhwun: (pu.ti:)}
(Thai Kudzu)
• Pueraria tuberosa
• {U.mhwun: ping}
• Fabaceae
• Sesbania aculeata
• {Ñän-ping}
• Trigonella foenumgraecum
• {pè:nän.þa}
• Abrus spp.
• Butea spp.
• Mucuna spp.
• Pueraria spp
• Kudzu (Wakipedia)
• Sorting Pueraria names
• Trigonella spp.
Main Index of DB |
Top
Contents of this page
This family is also classified together with the Mimosaceae and the
Caesalpiniaceae as the Leguminosae (or Fabaceae, s.l.; see note under
Caesalpiniaceae). One of its most well-known characteristics is that many of its
taxa are able to bind atmospheric nitrogen.
Important medicinal plants from the family
• Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (common or Scotch broom), which yields
sparteine (formerly used in cardiac arrhythmias, as an oxytoxic, and in
hypotonia to raise blood pressure).
• Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (liquorice), used as an expectorant
and for many other purposes.
UKT:
• Glycyrrhiza glabra
• {nwèý-hkyo}
• Melilotus officinalis L. (melilot or sweet clover); the
anticoagulant drug warfarin was developed from dicoumarol, first
isolated from spoiled hay of sweet clover.
• Physostigma venenosum Balfour (Calabar bean), a traditional West
African arrow poison, which contains the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine,
used as a myotic in glaucoma, in postoperative paralysis of the intestine and to
counteract atropine poisoning.
Morphological characteristics of the family
This family is characterized by a large number of derived traits. Most of the
taxa of this family are herbaceous, sometimes shrubby and only very rarely
trees. Typically, the leaves are pinnate and sometimes the terminal one is
modified to form a tendril, used for climbing. Bipinnate leaves are not found in
this family. The five sepals are at least basally united. The corolla is formed
of five petals and has a very characteristic butterfly-like shape (papilionaceous),
with the two lower petals fused and forming a keel-shaped structure, the two
lateral ones protruding on both sides of the flower and the largest petal
protruding above the flower, being particularly showy.
The androecium of ten stamens generally forms a characteristic tubular
structure with at least nine out of ten of the stamens forming a sheath.
Normally, the fruit are pods, containing beans (technically called legumes) with
two sutures, which open during the drying of the fruit (Fig. 4.6).
Distribution
This is a cosmopolitan family with about 11,000 species, and is one of the
most important families. It includes many plants used as food: for example,
numerous species of beans (Phaseolus and Vigna spp., Vicia
fabaL.), peas (Pisum sativum L.), soy [Glycine max (L.)
Merrill], fodder plants (Lupinus spp.) and medicines (see above).
Chemical characteristics of the family
This large family is characterized by an impressive phytochemical diversity.
Polyphenols (especially flavonoids and tannins) are common, but from a
pharmaceutical perspective various types of alkaloids are probably the most
interesting and pharmaceutically relevant groups of compounds. In the genera
Genista and Cytisus (both commonly called broom) as well as
Laburnum, quinolizidine alkaloids, including cytisine and sparteine (Fig.
4.7), are common. The hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids are found in this
family (e.g. in members of the genus Crotolaria).
Other important groups of natural products are the isoflavonoids, known for
their oestrogenic activity, and the coumarins used as anticoagulants (see
Melilotus officinalis above). Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) is
used because of its high content of the triterpenoid glycyrrhic acid, which, if
joined to a sugar, is called glycyrrhizin (a saponin) and is used in
confectionery as well as in the treatment of gastric ulcers (controversial).
Last but not least, the lectins must be mentioned. These large (MW
40,000–150,000), sugar-binding proteins agglutinate red blood cells and are a
common element of the seeds of many species. Some are toxic to mammals, for
example phasin from the common bean (Phaseolus spp.), which is the cause
of the toxicity of uncooked beans.
Contents of this page
Family : Fabaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000
51-1356 : {rwé:ka.lé: (pan:raung)} meaning "pink-{rwé:ka.lé:}" - fam. Papilionaceae
51-1357 : {rwé:ka.lé: (a.hpru)} meaning "white-{rwé:ka.lé:}" - fam. Papilionaceae
53-1395 :
{rwé: ping} - fam. Papilionaceae
• FAO : NL
• LSR 383 :
{rwé: ping};
{rwé:ka.lé:} - fam. Papilionaceae
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 3-143:
{rwé: ping};
{hkying-rwé:ngwè: ni hpru}
• UHM 01: Ywe-nge - fam. Papilionaceae
UKT: Listed as
{hkying-rwé:} in previous versions of TIL Myanmar Medicinal Plants. See Nagathein 1-287
{hkying-rwé:}
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{hkying-rwé:} -
--
TravPo-M-Dict053
{rwé:} -
--
TravPo-M-Dict 278
{rwé:ka.lé: ping} -
--
TravPo-M-Dict278
UKT: Unless specific,
{rwé:} can mean another plant,
Adenanthera pavonina
[UKT: fam. Mimosaceae]. -- Myan-Engl-Dict 414
UKT: 1 tical weight or
{kyap-tha:} = 16.329327 gram (datum given by Central Research Organisation)
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
गुञ्जा
guñja -
http://www.salagram.net/sstp-Gunja-malas.html 120203
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000
51-1356 : Wild liquorice
51-1357 : Wild liquorice
53-1395 : Wild liquorice
• FAO : NL
• LSR 383 : Indian- or Jamaica- or Wild liquorice
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 3-143: NG
• UHM 01: Indian- or Wild liquorice; Crab's eyes
Picture:
• Leader from Nagathein 3-144
• Photo: left -- leaves-hand; right -- leaves and flowers; fruits --
http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/abrpre.html
Click to enlarge
• leaves and fruits --
http://medweb.nus.edu.sg.htm
Plant identification characters /
• A creeping or climbing woody vine with pinnately compound leaves; rose
or white flowers and bright scarlet red seeds. -- UHM
• The plant is a slender twiner with alternately placed compound leaves.
Each leaf has about 20 pairs of narrow, oblong leaflets, looking like a delicate
feather. The rose to purple flower are crowded at the end of a stalk.
Fruits are short, inflated pods, splitting open when mature to reveal the round,
hard and shiny seeds which are scarlet but black at the base. --
http://medweb.nus.edu.sg.htm
• Precatory bean is a twining, perennial vine, 10 to 20 feet (3 to 6 meters)
long, using other plants for support. Lower, older portions of the stem become
gray; the younger portions remain green. The leaves are alternate, opposite
pinnately compound with 8 to 15 pairs of leaflets. The flowers are in axillary
racemes and are red to purple in color. The fruit is a legume pod, 2 inches
(4 cm) long, and produces ovoid seeds that are glossy red with a jet black eye.
Some varieties have seeds that are black with a white eye or are white with a
black eye. --
http://www.ivis.org/special_books/Knight/chap3c/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1
• The plant is native to the tropics. It
grows by the seashore among the undergrowth and in hedges. --
http://medweb.nus.edu.sg.htm
Distribution in Myanmar:
• Pyinmana, Pyawbwe, Yamethin, Shan States -- UHM
Part used and uses :
• "The seed causes vomiting, purging, but gives 'muscular strength'.
Cure for edema. The leaves and root is a cure for poisoning, bile, eye diseases,
produce phlegm and appetite, cure for bile. -- UKT translation from Nagathein, vol.1, p.287:
• Roots. Aphrodisiac, tonic, fever, stomachic, head complaints, asthma, thirst,
tuberculosis glands, caries of teeth, sore throat, and rheumatism. Root
substitute for glycyrrhiza -- UHM
• The leaves are sweet and there is possibility that the constituent may
be used as a sweetener. -- UKT
Caveat: Seeds are extremely poisonous if cracked; a single
one, if swallowed, can be fatal. Symptoms: Nausea,
vomiting, diarrhoea and shock. Specific Treatment: Fluid imbalance should
be corrected. --
http://medweb.nus.edu.sg.htm
•Abrus precatorius Fabaceae Part used:LF, SD. Diseases:
Diabetes, menstruation, cough, fever, asthma -- Himalayan medicine
• Abrus precatorius, L.
India: seeds boiled and eaten. This plant is regularly cultivated in Egypt. Chemical
composition (amino acids per 16g nitrogen): Histidine = 3.29g. Proline = 8.6g.
Vernacular name (India): Rati seed. Ref. VAN ETTEN et al., WATT. -- FAO
Famine Foods
Constituents:
• 1. 8% acrid resin. (1);
2. Toxic protein abrine. (2);
3. 1.5% of a substance resembling glycerrhizin. (1) -- UHM
• Parts Poisonous: Seeds when broken or chewed or when the external coat
is removed.
The highly attractive seeds are sought after by children for beads.
They are sometimes made into necklaces and rosaries. Seeds are extremely poisonous
if cracked; a single one, if swallowed, can be fatal. Symptoms: Nausea,
vomiting, diarrhoea and shock. Specific Treatment:
Fluid imbalance should be corrected. --
http://medweb.nus.edu.sg.htm
• Principal Toxin: Abrin, like ricin from castor beans, is a potent
lectin found in highest concentration in the seeds. Other toxic compounds are
also present in the seeds. Only if the seeds are chewed and swallowed is the
lectin released. Abrin is one of the most toxic compounds known, requiring as
little as 0.00015 percent of a person's body weight to be fatal. Animals are
infrequently poisoned. --
http://www.ivis.org/special_books/Knight/chap3c/chapter_frm.asp?LA=1
• Abstract: Abrin is a toxic protein obtained from the
seeds of Abrus precatorius (jequirity bean), which is similar in
structure and properties to ricin. Abrin is highly toxic, with an estimated
human fatal dose of 0.1–1 microgram/kg, and has caused death after accidental
and intentional poisoning. Abrin can be extracted from jequirity beans using a
relatively simple and cheap procedure. This satisfies one criterion of a
potential chemical warfare agent, although the lack of large scale production of
jequirity seeds means that quantity is unavailable for ready mass production of
abrin for weapons. This contrasts with the huge cultivation of Ricinus
seeds for castor oil production. At the cellular level, abrin inhibits protein
synthesis, thereby causing cell death. Many of the features observed in abrin
poisoning can be explained by abrin-induced endothelial cell damage, which
causes an increase in capillary permeability with consequent fluid and protein
leakage and tissue oedema (the so-called vascular leak syndrome). Most reported
cases of human poisoning involve the ingestion of jequirity beans, which
predominantly cause gastrointestinal toxicity. Management is symptomatic and
supportive. Experimental studies have shown that vaccination with abrin toxoid
may offer some protection against a subsequent abrin challenge, although such an
approach is unlikely to be of benefit in a civilian population that in all
probability would be unprotected. --
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/adis/txr/2003/00000022/00000003/art00002
• India: seeds boiled and eaten. This plant is regularly cultivated in Egypt.
Chemical composition (amino acids per 16g nitrogen): Histidine = 3.29g.
Proline = 8.6g. Vernacular name (India): Rati seed. Ref. VAN ETTEN et al.,
WATT. -- FAO Famine Foods
Contents of this page
Family : Fabaceae
Results of search for 'Abrus' in the Checklist of Plants of
Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 14 May 2006.
• Abrus precatorius L. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Wide.
Common Names: Chek-awn, Crab's eyes, Ywe, Ywe-nge,
Ywe-nwe
• Abrus pulchellus Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Wide
USDA-NRCS
"ABRUS","Abrus Adans.","abrus","Fabaceae"
"ABPR3","Abrus precatorius L.","rosarypea","
Fabaceae"
"ABAB2","Abrus abrus (L.) W. Wight","&
gt;>Abrus precatorius","Fabaceae"
Contents of this page
syn. B. monosperma
Family: Fabaceae
Though Chklist treats B. frondosa and B. monosperma as separate
species, both Nagathein and UHM give the names as synonyms. Two Indian sources
(www.himalayahealthcare.com and
www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm) also treat
them as the same species.
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 37-0970:
{pauk}
-- B. letrasperma is probably misspelled
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 275:
{pauk-ping} (no syn. given)
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-235:
{pauk} - B.
monosperma syn. B. frondosa
• UHM 10: Pauk - B. monosperma syn. B. frondosa
Other sources:
•Butea monosperma syn. B. frondosa (Sanskrit: Palasa) --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
• Butea monosperma, Butea frondosa . Family: Faboideae / Leguminosae /
Papilionaceae
Common names: Flame of the Forest, Dhak, Palas, Bastard Teak,
Parrot Tree, Dhak or Palas (Hindi); Porasum (Tamil) ; Khakda (Gujerati).
Origin: India --
www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{pauk}-
--
TravPo-M-Dict 189
{pauk}-
tree bearing showy clusters of red flowers in April; flame of the forest;
parrot tree; bastard teak, Butea monosperma -- TravPo-M-Dict 266
Hindi : दाक
{daak} -- Nagathein
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar:
• Agri.Dept.2000 37-0970: Bastard teak; Bengal kino
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 275: Flame of the Forest
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-235: NG
• UHM 10: Kino tree
Picture:
• Leader from Nagathein 2-236
• Photos: Leaves
http://da-academy.org/images/butea3.jpg ; Flower
http://toptropicals.com/pics/garden/05/8/8208.jpg
Plant identification characters
• An erect tree 12-15 m high with crooked trunk,
irregular branches and rounded trifoliate leaves -- UHM
• It is an erect, medium sized tree of 12-15 m high, with a crooked
trunk and irregular branches. The shoots are clothed with gray or brown silky
pubescence. The bark is ash coloured. The leaves 3 foliate, large and stipulate.
Petiole is 10-15 cm long. Leaflets are obtuse, glabrous above, finely silky and
conspicuously reticulately veined beneath with cunnate or deltoid base. From January
to March the plant is bald. Flowers in rigid racemes of 15 cm long, densely
brown velvety on bare branches. Calyx is dark, olive green to brown in colour and
densely velvety outside. The corolla is long with silky silvery hairs outside and
bright orange red. Stamens are diadelphes, anthers uniform. Ovary 2 ovule, style
filiform, curved and stigma capitate. Pods argenteo-canesent, narrowed,
thickened at the sutures, splitting round the single apical seed, lowest part
indehiscent. The seeds are flat, reniform, curved. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
• The Flame of the Forest is a medium sized tree,
growing from 20 to 4O feet high, and the trunk is usually crooked and twisted
with irregular branches and rough, grey bark. It is seen in all its ugliness in
December and January when most of the leaves fall: but from January to March it
truly becomes a tree of flame, a riot of orange and vermilion flowers
covering the entire crown. These flowers, which are scentless, are massed along
the ends of the stalks — dark velvety green like the cup-shaped calices — and the
brilliance of the stiff, bright flowers is shown off to perfection by this deep,
contrasting colour. Each flower consists of five petals comprising one standard,
two smaller wings and a very curved beak-shaped keel. It is this keel which
gives it the name of Parrot Tree. The back-curving petals are covered with fine,
silky hair, which, seen at certain angles, change the deep orange to a silvery
salmon-pink. The buds too, have this downy growth and acquire a beautiful
mauvish bloom. The leaves, which appear in April and May, are 10-18"
wide and trifoliate. When fresh they are like soft suede ; thick, velvety and a
beautiful pale, bronze green. Old leaves are as firm and tough as leather, smooth
above and hairy below. This silky down gives them a silvery appearance from a
distance. The pods, when young, are pale green, are covered with a dense
growth of fine hair and sometimes give the effect of a tree in full leaf. They
are pendulous and 3 to 4 inches long. When ripe they become yellow-brown and
contain flat, brown seeds. --
www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm
Trivia:
• It is a sacred tree, referred to a s a treasurer of the gods, and
used in sacrifice rituals. From its wood, sacred utensils are made. The flowers
are offered as in place of blood in sacrifice rituals to goddess Kali. The dry
stem pieces are used to make sacred fire. It is an anthropogenic tree of several
castes. 'Chakradatta' mentions the use of its gum in external astringent
application. The leaves are believed to have astringent, depurate, diuretic and
aphrodisiac properties. It promotes diuresis and menstrual flow. The seed is is
anthelmintic. The bark is also used in snakebite. When seeds are pounded with
lemon juice and applied to the skin the act as rubefacient. Arab horse dealers
put one seed int each feed of corn to keep their horses in condition. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
• The Palas is sacred to the moon and is said to have sprung from the
feather of a falcon impregnated with the Soma, the beverage of the Gods, and
thus immortalised. It is used in Hindu ceremonies for the blessing of calves to
ensure their becoming good milkers. When a Brahmin boy becomes a Sadhu, his head
is shaved and he is given a Palas leaf to eat — the trifoliate formation
representing Vishnu in the middle, Brahma on the left and Shiva on the right. --
www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm
Distribution in Myanmar:
• Widely distributed, Pyinmana, Toungoo, Insein, Tharawaddy, Rangoon,
Kyaikmaraw, Seikkyi (Moulmein), Taunglelon, Shwenyaung (Southern Shan State) --
UHM
Distribution elsewhere:
• It is found in greater parts of India, Burma and
Sri Lanka. It is capable of growing in water logged situations, black cotton
soils, saline, alkaline, swampy badly drained soils and on barren lands except
in arid regions. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
• A rare yellow variety of the Flame of the Forest is
sometimes found in India. Butea frondosa is named after the Earl of Bute, a
patron of Botany and 'frondosa', meaning "leafy". It is a native of India
but is not found in the driest parts, being most common in Central India and the
Western Ghats. --
www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm
Part used and uses :
• Dried juice obtained from the trunk. Used as pulvis Buteae Compositus,
Pulvis Buteae Seminum (I.P.C.) -- UHM
• A fraction containing sodium salt of phenolic constituent
isolated from the bark has shown potential as an antiasthmatic agent in
estrogenic activity in mice. Aqueous extract of the flowers show significant
anti-implantation activity7. Hot alcoholic extract of the seeds
showed significant anti-implantation and anti-ovulatory activity in roots and
rabbits respectively. It also showed abortive effect in mice8. Butrin
and isobutrin has proved to have antihepatotoxic activity.Indications:
The fresh juice is applied to ulcers and for congested and septic sore throats.
The gum is a powerful astringent given internally for diarrhea and dysentery. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
• That the flowers contain much nectar is evidenced by the frequent
visits of many species of birds; sunbirds, mynahs and babblers are usually to be
seen, hurrying from flower to flower, chattering and twittering. With man, also,
the tree is very popular, having numerous uses. From an infusion of the flowers
a brilliant colouring matter can be obtained, which may be made into water-paint
or into a dye. Cotton, prepared with alum, can be dyed a bright yellow or
orange. From the seeds a clear oil is obtained and the gum
which exudes from the stems, known as Bengal Kino, is valuable to druggists
because of its astringent qualities, and to leather workers because of its
tannin. Young roots make a strong fibre which has many uses, the making
of rope sandals being one of the most important. Roots, eaten raw, cause
giddiness, but, baked, are eaten by Mundari children. The leaves, because of
their strength, are sewn together by poor people to make plates and the lovely
flowers are popular with all Indian women for adornment of their hair. --
www.toptropicals.com/html/toptropicals/articles/trees/butea.htm
Constituents :
• 1. Flowers contain 1.5 % glucoside butrin, 0.3 % butein, 0.04 % butin (16)
2. Kinotannic acid 15-60 % (17) -- UHM
• The main constituent of the flower is butrin (1.5%) besides butein (0.37%) and
butin (0.04%). Also contains flavonoids and steroids1. Later studies
proves that isobutrin slowly change to butrin on drying2.
Other than these in flowers, coreopsin, isocoreopsin, sulphurein (glycoside) and
other two with monospermoside and isomonospermoside structures are also
identified3s. Roots contain glucose, glycine, glucosides and aromatic
compounds4. Tetramers of leucocynidin are isolated from gum and stem
bark5. Seed contains oil6.The bright colour of the flower
is attributed to the presence of chakones and aurones. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
Contents of this page
Family: Fabacea
Results of search for 'Butea' in the Checklist of Plants of
Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 30 May 2006.
• Butea frondosa Roxb. Habit: Tree. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar. Common Names: Bastard teak, Bengal kino, Palas tree, Pauk
• Butea minor Buch.-Ham. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Chin, Sagaing
• Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze. Habit: Tree. Distribution:
Ayeyarwady, Bago, Magway, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan, Yangon. Common Names: Changan,
Flame of the forest, Khapone Tanom, Mai-kao, Pauk, Pawpan, Shang-gan
• Butea parviflora Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Wide.
Common Names: Laban-ru, Nwe-ni, Pauk-nwe, Rubanru
• Butea superba Roxb. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Bago,
Mandalay, Yangon. Common Names: Kao-hko, Kosot-lot, Pauk-nwe, Paw-tohkaw
USDA-NRCS
"BUTEA","Butea Roxb. ex Willd.","butea","Fabaceae"
"BUMO5","Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taubert","Bengal kino","
Fabaceae"
UKT: Chklist 439 listed only two species
with the name {pauk}: B. frondosa and B. monosperma. Three more
were mentioned in Chklist 236 , however none as "B. letrasperma
". Therefore "B. letrasperma " of Agri.Dept.
2000 37-0970 was probably misspelled or non-existent. Info of the two available on p236
Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{pauk}-
--
TravPo-M-Dict 189
{pauk}- tree bearing showy clusters of red flowers in April; flame of the forest;
parrot tree; bastard teak, Butea monosperma -- TravPo-M-Dict 266
Contents of this page
Family: Fabaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 33-0878:
{nwèý-hkyo}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-166:
{nwèý-hkyo}
• UHM 27: Nwe-cho
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{nwèý-hkyo} --
--
TravPo-M-Dict 173
{nwèý-hkyo} -- n. liquorice -- TravPo-M-Dict 241
UKT: Though the Burmese-Myanmar pronunciation of the first syllable is
{nwè},
it is spelled with a killed
{ya.},
and the correct spelling is
{nwèý}
meaning a "creeper". However, we must note that, unlike the English-Latin
semivowel <y>, the Burmese-Myanmar semivowel {ya.} acts more like a
consonant than a vowel, and the killed {ya.} is not pronounced.
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 33-0878: Liquorice
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-166: NG
• UHM 27: Licorice Root, Liquoric Root, Sweet Root -- UHM
Picture:
• Leader from:
www.pioneerherbs.com/glychrriza_glabra.htm
Plant identification characters :
• A perennial herb with branched stem attaining a height of 1-1.5m bearing
alternate imparipinnate leaves and a spreading slender rhizome with
fibrous roots, axillary spikes of violet-coloured flowers. fruit a compressed
legume containing kidney-shaped seeds. -- UHM
Distribution of Myanmar:
• East Katha, Amherst. -- UHM
Part used and used as:
• The dried rhizome and roots. Used as demulcent
in catarrh of respiratory treatment and genitourinary passage,
expectorant, laxative and flavouring agent. -- UHM
• Extensive reports are available on modern pharmacological research
on this drug supporting its claims in older literature as a broad spectrum
entity in many pharmacopoeiae. Recent studies report the anti-inflammatory
action of glycyrrhizin acid (a hydrolysis product of glycyrrhizin) and
its derivative in the rat paw and cotton-pellet test(4).
Both liquorice extract and glycyrrhetinic acid are shown to have
desoxycorticosterone(5), and ACTH-like effects, though with less toxicity than
cortisone(6), encouraging its use as an antiarthritic agent(7),in Addison's
disease(8,9),and Simmond's disease(9).Deglycyrrhiznised liquorice is used in
peptic ulcer(10). Glycyrrhizin (L II) and glycyrhetic acid (L III) prevented the
development of experimental cirrhosis in rats(10).Triglycerides accumulation in
the liver decreased, while liver glycogen increased significantly in rats
treated with L III(11). Effects of L II and its congeners have been studied on
free radical generation and lipid peroxidation in primary cultured rat
hepatocytes(12).Antioxidative action plays an important role in the
antihepatotoxic activity of L III. The effectiveness of ll-deoxy-glycyrrhetinic
acid hydrogen maleate (L IV) against liver damage induced by carbon
tetrachloride has also been demonstrated (13). In Ayurveda, it is used extensively
as a demulcent, mild expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent. It relieves 'vata' and 'kapha'
inflammations, it is also used in eye diseases, throat infections, symptomatic
relief in peptic ulcer, and as an antiarthritic agent. One hundred and thirty-three
cases of chronic liver diseases treated with L II, daily for one month, showed
significant improvement. Marked improvement in scrum transa-minase levels was
seen after one week, without any side effects (16). Contraindication:
Glycyrrhizic acid has been reported to cause oedema(14,15). Its effect is
less toxic than that of cortisone(6). Large doses of liquorice (30-50 gms) can
produce Cushingoid features in man. --
www.pioneerherbs.com/glychrriza_glabra.htm
UKT: See article on the efficacy of G. glabra, in protecting tissues
from peroxide damage in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rats.
Internet link:
http://medind.nic.in/ibi/t04/i5/ibit04i5p284.pdf .
Constituents:
• 1. Up to 8 percent of glycyrrhizin an intensely sweet water soluble principle
consisting of potassium and calcium salts of glycyrrhizic acid
C44H64O19,
glycyramarin (a bitter principle) occurring mostly in the bark.
2. yellow-colouring matter. 3. Volatile oil. 4. Resin, starch, sucrose,
glucose, calcium oxalate. -- UHM
• Phytoactive: The main constituents
are glycyrrhizin (madhuyastin), the potassium and calcium salts of
glycyrrhetinic acid. Flavonoid rich fractions include liquirtin, isoliquertin
(a chalcone) liquiritigenin and rhamnoliquirilin. The Indian roots show various
2-methyliso- flavones, and an unusual coumarin, C liquocoumarin, 6 - acetyl- 5,
hydroxy- 4- methyl coumarin. Asparagine is also found(3). --
www.pioneerherbs.com/glychrriza_glabra.htm
Contents of this page
Family : Fabaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 13-0340:
{hkwé:lhé:ya:}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 125:
{hkwé:lé:ya:}
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 1-306:
{hkwé:lhé:ya:}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{hkwé:lhé:ya:} -
--
TravPo-M-Dict 061
{hkwé:lhé:ya:} - n. cowhage, Mucuna prurita. -- Myan-Engl-Dict 081
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 13-0340: Cow-hage; Cow-itch
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin 125: Cowhage; Cowitch
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein 1-306: Cowitch
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader from Nagathein
• Photo: left -
www.indianherbals.org/ tamil/herbal9.htm ; right -
www.himalayahealthcare.com
Plant identification characters :
• Morphology Description (Habit) -- M. pruriesn is an herbaceous twining
annual. The leaves are trifoliolate; the leaflets, broadly ovate, elliptic or
rhomboid ovate and unequal at the base; the flowers, purple and in axillary,
pendulous racemes; the pods, curved, longitudinally ribbed, turgid and densely
clothed with persistent pale brown or grey, irritant bristles; the seeds, black
4-6 in pod and ovoid. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
Distribution in Myanmar :
• Habit -- It grows all over India and in the Andaman and Nicobar islands --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
Part used and uses :
• Pharmacology -- The total alkaloids from seeds of M.pruriens
comprising 5 alkaloidal bases were found to bring about a note-worthy increase in
the population of spermatozoa and in the weights of body testes, seminal
vesicles and prostrate of the treated rats. The exhibited activity was found to
stimulate testosterone-enanthate induced androgenic activity observed in another
set of treated individuals.
Lower dose corresponding to the clinical dose significantly decreased
the sleeping time, increased the motor activity and gave equivocal results in
rotarod test in experimental animals. The high dose (3 times the clinical dose)
significantly increased the sleeping time, decreased the motor activity and
reduced the time for falling from the rod. Thus the drug possesses CNS stimulant
effect at low doses and CNS depressant effect at high doses.
A seed diet produced a hypoglycemic effect in normal rats, however,
such a diet had an insignificant effect on alloxan-treated rats.
Clinical Studies -- In 15 psychiatric patients, M.pruriens
(15 g of of crude seed powder was found to significantly inhibit the prolactin response
to chlorpromazine injection, as effectively as 0.5 g of L-dopa). No side effects were
observed in these patients.
Sixty patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with M.pruriens in
an open study for 12 weeks. Statistically significant reductions in Hoehn and
Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale scores were seen form baseline to the
end of 12 week treatment.
Toxicity -- Adverse effects were mild and were mainly gastro-intestinal in
nature. No adverse effects were seen in clinical laboratory reports (Ibid,
1995).
Indications -- L-DOPA is a neurotransmitter precursor, an effective drug for
relief in Parkinson's disease. The seed is a prophylactic against
oligospermia,
useful in increasing sperm count, ovulation in women, etc. It prevents male and
female sterility and acts as a nervine tonic.
Product Range -- Confido (Speman forte), Geriforte (GeriCare/StressCare), Mentat
(MindCare), Mentat syrup, Speman (ProstaCare), Tentex forte (VigorCare for Men),
Anxocare, Geriforte Aqua, Geriforte Vet, Speman Vet, Tentex forte Vet.
References: 1. Parikh et. al., Indian Drugs,
1990, 27, 353; Chem Abstr, 1993, 119, 234161, 245571. 2. Sinha, J Res Educ Indian Med,
1992, 11(1), 15; Goyal, J Econ Taxon Bot, 1991, 15, 677. 3. Saksena, S. and Dixit, V.K.,
Ind.J.Nat. Prod, 1987, 3(1), 3-7.4. Ahmad, S., et. al., Conference of Phyarmacology
and Symposium on Herbal Drugs (New Delhi), March 1991, 15, 26. 5. Parikh et. al.,
Indian Drugs, 1990, 27, 353; Gopal, J Econ Taxon Bot, 1991, 15, 677; Handa et. al. Fitoterapia,
1989, 60, 210. 6. Vaidya, R.A., Neurology (India), 1978, 26, 177.
7. Manyam B.V. 1995, J. ALtern. CompletmentMed. Fall. 1(3): 249-255. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
Constituents :
•M. prurita has been found to contain L-DOPA, 40 mg/g of the plant. The
plant/seeds contain the bioactive alkaloids alkaloids mucunine, mucunadine,
mucuadinine, pruriendine and nicotine, besides -sitosterol, glutathione,
lecithin, oils, venolic and gallic acids. The seeds with seed coat showed the
presence of a number of bioactive subtances including tryptamine, alkylamines,
steroids, flavonoids, coumarins, cardenolides,etc. --
www.himalayahealthcare.com
Contents of this page
Family : Fabaceae
Results of search for 'Mucuna' in the Checklist of Plants of
Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 14 May 2006.
• Mucuna bracteata DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper.
Distribution: Magway, Mandalay, Mandalay, Sagaing
Common Names: Nwe-bok, Wee-te
• Mucuna cochinchinensis Cheval. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Mandalay, Sagaing.
Common Names: Gwe-nge-pe, Khway-lay-pe, Lyon bean, Pe-det-net,
White-flowered velvet bean
• Mucuna collettii Lace. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Kachin,
Mandalay
• Mucuna exserta C.B. Clarke. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Taninthayi
• Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Ayeyarwady.
Common Names: Sea bean
• Mucuna hainanensis Hayata. Habit: Climber. Distribution: Reported
from Myanmar
• Mucuna imbricata DC. Habit: Climber. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar
• Mucuna macrocarpa Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Bago,
Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Shan.
Common Names: Pauk-net
• Mucuna monosperma DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Bago,
Taninthayi, Yangon.
Common Names: Myauk-do, Myauk-go-nyin
• Mucuna nigricans (Lour.) Steud. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Wide
• Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Cited as: Mucuna prurita
Hook. Habit: Climber.
Distribution: Bago, Bago, Chin, Kayin, Kayin, Mandalay, Mandalay, Sagaing,
Sagaing, Shan, Yangon.
Common Names: Gwin-nge, Hko-mak-awa, Khwele-ya, To-ma-awn
• Mucuna sempervirens Hemsl. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Kachin, Kachin, Mandalay, Unknown
• Mucuna utilis Wall. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Reported
from Myanmar.
Common Names: Aong-lawk, Gwe-nge-pe, Kwe-ye-pe, Kywele-pe, Pe-det-anet,
Purple-flowered velvet bean, Ra, Yom-nung
• Mucuna venulosa (Piper) Merr. & Metcalf. Cited as: Stizolobium
venulosum Piper. Habit: Climber.
Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
USDA-NRCS
"MUCUN","Mucuna Adans.","mucuna","Fabaceae"
"MUGI","Mucuna gigantea (Willd.) DC.","seabean","Fabaceae"
"MUPL2","Mucuna platyphylla A.Gray","","Fabaceae"
"MUPR","Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.","cowitch","Fabaceae"
"MUPRP","Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. pruriens","cowitch","Fabaceae"
"STPR5","Stizolobium pruriens (L.) Medik.",">>Mucuna pruriens var.
pruriens","Fabaceae"
"STPR4","Stizolobium pruritum (Wight) Piper",">>Mucuna pruriens var.
pruriens","Fabaceae"
"MUPRU","Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wallich ex Wight) Baker ex
Burck","cowitch","Fabaceae"
"MUAT2","Mucuna aterrima (Piper & Tracy) Holland",">>Mucuna pruriens
var. utilis","Fabaceae"
"MUDE2","Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merr.",">>Mucuna pruriens var.
utilis","Fabaceae"
"STAT3","Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy",">>Mucuna pruriens var.
utilis","Fabaceae"
"STDE","Stizolobium deeringianum Bort",">>Mucuna pruriens var.
utilis","Fabaceae"
"STVE5","Stizolobium velutinum (Hassk.) Piper & Tracy",">>Mucuna
pruriens var. utilis","Fabaceae"
"MURO2","Mucuna rostrata Benth.","mucuna","Fabaceae"
"MUSL","Mucuna sloanei Fawcett & Rendle","horseeye bean","Fabaceae"
"MUSLP","Mucuna sloanei Fawcett & Rendle var. persericea Wilmot-Dear","","Fabaceae"
"MUSLS","Mucuna sloanei Fawcett & Rendle var. sloanei","horseeye
bean","Fabaceae"
"MUUR","Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.","oxeye bean","Fabaceae"
Contents of this page
Family: Fabaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 33-0861:
{né-lhèÑ.}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 147: Ne-hle
• Nagathein 2-145:
{né-lhèÑ.}
• UHM 39: Ne-hle
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{né-lhèÑ.}
{né-lhèÑ.} --
-- TravPo-M-Dict
164
{né-lhèÑ.} -- n. herbaceous plant related to the prairie trunip, Psoralea
corylifolia. -- Myan-Engl-Dict 227
UKT: Though the Burmese-Myanmar pronunciation of the second syllable is
{lhè.},
it is spelled with a killed
{Ña.},
and the correct spelling is
{lhèÑ.}
meaning "to turn". The killed consonant
{Ña.}
is not pronounced.
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 33-0861: Babchi
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 147: Babchi seeds
• Nagathein 2-145: NG
• UHM 39: NG
Picture
• Leader from Nagathein 2-146
•
Photos: left --habit with flowers and fruits; right -- habit with fruits. Click
on the pictures to enlarge. KS-TMN
Plant identification characters :
•An annual herb; stems erect, solid, longitudinally ridged, sericeous,
gland-dotted, the young stems 5-ribbed. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules
lanceolate, reflexed, sericeous; petioles 5-ribbed, canaliculated at the adaxial
sides, sericeous, gland-dotted; laminae ovate to broadly ovate, the bases
truncate or rounded, obscurely oblique, the margins dentate, undulate, the tips
acute, 5-costate at the sinus reticulate, sericeous, gland-dotted.
Inflorescences axillary racemes, 30- to 45-flowered, densely borne at the
terminal ends of the peduncles; peduncles 5-ribbed, sericeous, gland-dotted;
bracts ovate, subtend every third flower on the peduncle, sericeous,
gland-dotted; persistent. Flowers small, ebracteolate, pedicellate, bisexual,
zygomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx synsepalous, 5-lobed, companulate
the lobes ovate with acute tips, the anterior lobe largest, sericeous,
gland-dotted, persistent. Corolla apopetalous, papilionaceous, 1+2+(2), the
posterior or vexillum (standard) orbicular, crested in the middle of the upper
margin, the limbs purple, the claws paler, the 2 laterals or alae (wings)
oblong, auricled at one basal side of limb, white with purple tips, the 2 lower
or carina (keels) obliquely spathulate, the claw long and narrow, white with
dark purple fused tips, glabrous. Androecium diadelphous, stamens 1+(9),
inserted, the anthers dithecous, dimorphic, the anther lobes of the vexillary
stamen and those of the shorter filaments cuboid, dorsifixed, those of the 5
longer filaments ovoid, basifixed, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal. Pistil 1,
ovary ellipsoid, 1-carpelled, 1-loculed, the placentation parieta lalong ventral
suture, the ovule solitary in the locule, the style filiform, the stigma
discoid; gynophore short warty. Fruit a pod, oblongoid, pale green, warty,
glabrous; seed solitary, oblongoid, rarely flatteded, dark brown to blackish,
aromatic, non-endospermic. Flowering period: October-December.
Fruiting period: November-March.
• An erect annual -1-3feet high, branches firm, conspicuously gland dotted,
Leaves distinctly petioled, rounded, 1-3" long, inciso-repand, firm in
texture, both sides conspicously dotted with black dots, nearly glabrescent,
flowers small in long-purple, pod 0.3" long obliquely ovoiddor subreniform.
-- UHM
Distribution in Myanmar:
• Grows wild, common in tropical plains of Myanmar -- KS-TMN
• Mandalay, wild along road sides. A common weed of cultivated and fallow
land. -- UHM
Part used and used as:
• Roots, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds -- Haematemesis;
Heart disease; Asthma; Leprosy; Heartburn; Infections; Gives energy.
Fruit: Biliousness; Expectorant; Carminative; Leprosy; Emesis; Oedema:
Asthma; Cough; Indigestion; Good for skin and hair growth. -- KS-TMN
• Seeds. Used as anthelmintic, diuretic,
diaphoretic and a remedy against skin diseases,
leprosy and leucoderma. -- UHM
Constituents:
•1. Seeds yield essential oil and psoralen (34) -- UHM
Contents of this page
Family: Fabaceae
Graham ex Benth.
ENGLISH : Burmese kudzu.
FRENCH : Kudzu du Bangladesh.
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 :
• Chklist:
• LSR :
• FAO :
• KS-TMN:
• Nagathein :
• UHM :
Myanmar-Script Spelling
(•Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho/
Chklist data /
Hindi /
Sanskrit /
English common name used in Myanmar /
Picture /
Plant identification characters /
Distribution in Myanmar /
Part used and uses /
Constituents /
Contents of this page
MMPDB2006 --
{U.mhwun: ping}
Of the 12 entries of Pueraraia listed by USDA-NRCS, 5 are known as
Kudzu, and of 11 entries in MMPND (Multilingual
Multiscript Plant name Database), 10 are known
as Kudzu. Following this tradition, MMPDB2006
has adopted the name
{U.mhwun: ping} for them.
In addition to this MMPDB2006 has adopted the name
{U.mhwun: (pu.ti:)} for reasons described in
Plant identification characters sub-section .
The English name "Kudzu" (originally a
Japanese name meaning "vine") is generally applied to the Pueraria plants.
See information on Kudzu inPueraria spp.
Internet link:
www.naturalessence.net/Products/pueraria_mirifica.html
Family: Fabaceae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 : NL
• Chklist: NL
MMPND: Thai Kudzu
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 4-088 to 094:
{U.mwun-U.} /
{U.mwun (pu.ti:)}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{U.mhwun:}- TravPo-M-Dict 381
{U.mhwun:} -- n. creeper, the root of which is edible, Pueraria tuberosa. Also
{kywé:hpru} -- Myan-Engl-Dict 608
{U.mhwun: ping} - Myan-Ortho 284
(UKT Note the correct spelling of {U.mhwun:} which is spelled with a {ha.hto:} -- Not
{mwun:})
Chklist data : NL
Listed by MMPND (Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database):
03. Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvat.
ENGLISH : Thai kudzu.
FRENCH : Kudzu de Siam.
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 : NL
• Chklist: NL
MMPND: Thai Kudzu
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 4-088 to 094: NG
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader --
www.naturalessence.net/Products/pueraria_mirifica.html
Plant identification characters :
•Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvatabandhu is an indigenous herb of Thailand
known in Thai as “ กาวเครือ(ขาว) ”.
It belongs to the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae or the soy bean pea
subfamily. Active principles in this plant are found the tuberous root which looks like
a chain of round-shaped bulbs of various sizes connected to the next one via small
root throughout the entire length of the root the shape and size of the tuberous
root are diverse depending on the environment in which it exists. --
www.naturalessence.net/Products/pueraria_mirifica.html
(UKT: Nagathein 4-090 describes a kind of
{U.mwun-U.} as
{U.mwun (pu.ti:)} which is so called because it looks like a "rosary of beads".)
Distribution in Myanmar :
Distribution elsewhere:
•The plants are commonly found in abundant in the forests in the north the west
and the northeast of Thailand at the altitude of 300-800 meters above sea level --
www.naturalessence.net/Products/pueraria_mirifica.html
Part used and uses :
•Pueraria extract is used in cosmetic formulations such as breast cream,
eye gel, skin moisturizer, hair tonic and hair growth products. It is also
used in dietary supplement.
Pueraria mirifica provides
a natural source of phyto-estrogens and isoflavones, to remedy age-related
estrogenic deficiencies.It is effective in stabilizing or reversing conditions
such as sagging breasts, wrinkled skin, bone loss, and gray hair. --
www.naturalessence.net/Products/pueraria_mirifica.html
• The studies confirm that Pueraria mirifica is not only rich in phytoestrogen,
but also is the only plant of which the phytoestrogen structure is bio-identical with
the estrogen hormone that is produced in women's body. <!--
http://www.jelitawan.com/
www.soulhealer.com/
Constituents :
•The crucial substances found in the rhizome are mostly phyto-estrogens, such as
miroestrol and deoxymiroestrol, substances that have the highest estrogenic
activity among the phytoestrogens but are contained in small amounts. Other
important substances are isoflavones such as Puerarin, puerarin-6-monoacetate,
genistein, daidzein, and coumestrans such as coumestrol.
Although Pueraria has lower estrogenic activity than miroestrol and
deoxymiroestrol, puerarin is a particular substance in Pueraria which is
contained in high concentrations compared with miroestrol. --
www.naturalessence.net/Products/pueraria_mirifica.html
Contents of this page
Syn.: Hedysarum tuberosum
--
www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Pueraria+tuberosa
Family: Fabaceae
MMPDB2006 --
{U.mhwun: ping}
Of the 12 entries of Pueraria listed by
USDA-NRCS, 5 are known as
Kudzu,
and of 11 entries in MMPND, 10 are known as
Kudzu. Following this tradition,
MMPDB2006 has adopted the name
{U.mhwun: ping} for them.
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 10-0246:
{kywé:hpru U.}/
{mwun: U.}
• Chklist: Kyway-byu, U-hmone-u
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 4-088:
{U. mwun-U.}
(also known as
{oap-mhoan: U.}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
• Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{U.mhwun:}-
--
TravPo-M-Dict 381
{U.mhwun:} -- n. creeper, the root of which is edible,
Pueraria tuberosa. Also
{kywé:hpru} -- Myan-Engl-Dict 608
{U.mhwun: ping} - Myan-Ortho 284
(UKT Note the correct spelling of {U.mhwun:} which is spelled with a {ha.hto:} -- Not
{mwun:})
Chklist data :
• Pueraria tuberosa DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Wide. Common Names: Kyway-byu, U-hmone-u
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
Picture :
• Leader -- Nagathein
Plant identification characters :
• Climber growing to 1m. . The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and
female organs). It can fix Nitrogen. We rate it 2 out of 5 for usefulness. The plant prefers
light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant
prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires
moist soil. Woodland, Cultivated Beds, Sunny Edge, Dappled Shade.
www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Pueraria+tuberosa
Distribution in Myanmar :
Distribution elsewhere:
Range: E. Asia - Pakistan to C. Nepal and India
Habitat: Shrubberies and stream-sides, 300 - 2000 metres [51].
[51] Polunin. O. and Stainton. A. Flowers of the Himalayas.
Oxford Universtiy Press 1984
A very readable and good pocket guide (if you
have a very large pocket!) to many of the wild plants in the Himalayas. Gives
many examples of plant uses. --
www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Pueraria+tuberosa
Part used and uses :
Food:
• Root - [edible] raw [ref.2, 105, 146]. Very large, it is up to 50cm long and 30cm in
diameter [ref. 158]. A liquorice flavour [ref. 158].
[ref. 2] Hedrick. U. P. Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World.
Dover Publications 1972 ISBN 0-486-20459-6
Lots of entries, quite a lot of
information in most entries and references.
[ref. 105] Tanaka. T. Tanaka's Cyclopaedia of Edible Plants of the
World. Keigaku Publishing 1976
The most comprehensive guide to edible
plants I've [author of the article] come across. Only the briefest entry for each species,
though, and some of the entries are more than a little dubious. Not for the casual reader.
[ref. 146] Gamble. J. S. A Manual of Indian Timbers. Bishen Singh
Mahendra Pal Singh 1972
Written last century, but still a classic, giving a
lot of information on the uses and habitats of Indian trees. Not for the casual
reader.
[ref. 158] Gupta. B. L. Forest Flora of Chakrata, Dehra Dun and
Saharanpur. Forest Research Institute Press 1945 . A good flora for the
middle Himalayan forests, sparsely illustrated. Not really for the casual reader. --
www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Pueraria+tuberosa
Medicinal:
• Demulcent; Emetic; Galactogogue; Poultice; Refrigerant; Tonic.
The root is used as a demulcent and refrigerant in the treatment of
fevers [ref. 240]. It is peeled and bruised into a cataplasm and used to reduce
swellings[240]. It is crushed and rubbed on the body in the treatment of fevers
and rheumatism [240]. It is also emetic, galactogogue and tonic [240].
[ref. 240] Chopra. R. N., Nayar. S. L. and Chopra. I. C. Glossary of
Indian Medicinal Plants (Including the Supplement). Council of Scientific
and Industrial Research, New Delhi. 1986. Very terse details of medicinal uses
of plants with a wide range of references and details of research into the
plants chemistry. Not for the casual reader. --
www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Pueraria+tuberosa
• A medicinal plant, Pueraria tuberosa D.C. has been thoroughly
investigated for its contraceptive potency in various animals viz. rats, mice
and hamsters. The activity has been further confirmed with respect to its
habitat and seasonal variations. The potent fractions have been studied for
their biological properties so as to elucidate its exact hormonal status. The
observations suggest that tubers of P. tuberosa D.C. possess significant
antifertility activity. The contraceptive efficacy does not alter significantly
with respect to the change in time and place of collection. Its crude powder,
ethanolic and butanolic extracts evoke a significant antifertility
activity in rats, mice and hamsters whereas hexane, chloroform, methanol,
petroleum ether and benzene extracts are significantly effective to prevent
implantation only in rats and mice. Aqueous extract does not show any
significant antifertility activity in all these three animal species. The
studies on its biological properties suggest that all the fractions of P.
tuberosa D.C. possess significant estrogenic activity. In addition to this
activity, the crude powder also shows significant progestational and mild
antiprogestational activity whereas ethanolic and butanolic extracts show
significant progestational activity. Petroleum ether and benzene extracts show
only the estrogenic activity. The biological properties and their differences in
activity have been discussed in relation to antifertility mode of action of
P. tuberosa.
PMID: 4013619 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4013619&dopt=Abstract
Constituents :
Contents of this page
Family: Fabaceae
Results of search for 'Pueraria' in the Checklist of Plants
of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 17 Jul 2006.
• Pueraria alopecuroides Craib. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Kachin
• Pueraria brachycarpa Kurz. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Bago
• Pueraria candollei Wall. ex Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper.
Distribution: Bago, Mon. Common Names: Ma-u-nwe, Wun-u-nwe
• Pueraria collettii Prain. Cited as: Pueraria stricta Kurz.
Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Bago, Chin, Mandalay, Sagaing, Shan. Common Names:
Chiya
• Pueraria hirsuta Kurz. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Bago
• Pueraria lacei Craib. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Magway
• Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Chin, Kachin, Sagaing. Common Names: Kudzu
• Pueraria peduncularis Graham. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Kachin, Mandalay
• Pueraria phaseoloides Benth. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Bago, Taninthayi, Yangon. Common Names: Kudzu, Taw-pe
• Pueraria thomsoni Benth. Habit: Climber. Distribution: Kachin
• Pueraria tuberosa DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution:
Wide. Common Names: Kyway-byu, U-hmone-u
• Pueraria wallichii DC. Habit: Climber/Creeper. Distribution: Bago,
Chin, Kachin, Mandalay, Mon, Yangon
USDA-NRCS
UKT: Out of the 12 entries, 5 are named
Kudzu.
"PUERA","Pueraria DC.","
kudzu","Fabaceae"
"PUMO","
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.","kudzu","
Fabaceae"
"GLJA2","Glycine javanica L.",
">>Pueraria montana","Fabaceae"
"PUMOL","Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var.
lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida","kudzu
","Fabaceae"
"DOLO2","Dolichos lobatus
Willd.",">>Pueraria montana var. lobata",
"Fabaceae"
"PUHI3","Pueraria hirsuta (Thunb.)
C. Schneider",">>Pueraria montana var. lobata",
"Fabaceae"
"PULO","Pueraria lobata (Willd.)
Ohwi",">>Pueraria montana var. lobata","
Fabaceae"
"PULOT","Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi var.
thomsonii (Benth.) Maesen",">>Pueraria montana var.
lobata","Fabaceae"
"PUTH","Pueraria thunbergiana
(Sieb. & Zucc.) Benth.",">>Pueraria montana var.
lobata","Fabaceae"
"PUMOM","Pueraria montana (Lour.)
Merr. var. montana","Taiwankudzu","Fabaceae"
"PUTO2","Pueraria tonkinensis Gagnep.",">>
Pueraria montana var. montana","Fabaceae"
"PUPH2","
Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.","tropical kudzu
","Fabaceae"
Agri.Dept.2000
Papilionaceae -- Pueraria hirsuta -- {hkwé:lhé:ya: a.ño}
14-0341
Papilionaceae -- Pueraria tuberosa -- {kywé:hpru-u.} {mwun:u.} 10-0246
Contents of this page
Kudzu クズ or 葛, Kuzu),
Pueraria lobata (syn. P. montana, P. thunbergiana), is one of
about 20 species in the genus
Pueraria in the pea family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboidae. It is native to
southern Japan and southeast China in eastern Asia.
The name comes from Japanese kuzu (葛), meaning vine. The other
species of Pueraria occur in southeast Asia, further south.
UKT: Kudzu was introduced to USA in 1876 and was promoted as a forage crop
and as an ornamental and for other useful purposes. However, because of its
rapid growth it has now became a pest destroying valuable crop land. Because
many plants belonging to this species are native to Myanmar, it is expected that
Kudzu would never become a pest.
It is a climbing, woody or semi-woody, perennial vine capable of
reaching heights of 20–30 m (66-98 ft) in trees, but also
scrambles extensively over lower vegetation. The leaves are deciduous,
alternate and compound, with a petiole (leaf stem) 10–20 cm (4–8 in) long and
three broad leaflets 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long and 10 cm (4 in) broad. The leaflets
may be entire or deeply 2–3 lobed, and are pubescent underneath with hairy
margins.
The flowers are borne in long panicles 10–25 cm
(about 4–10 in) long with about 30–80 individual blooms at nodes on the stems (see image).
Each flower is about 1–1.5 cm (about 0.4–0.6 in) long, purple, highly fragrant. The flowers
are copious nectar producers and are visited by many species of insects, including bees,
butterflies and moths.
Flowering occurs in late summer and is soon followed by production of brown,
hairy, flattened, seed pods, each of which contains three to ten hard seeds.
The non-woody parts of the plant are edible. The young leaves can be used for
salad or cooked as a leaf vegetable; the flowers battered and fried (like squash flowers);
and the starchy tuberous roots can be prepared as any root vegetable.
Once established, kudzu plants grow rapidly, extending as much as 20 m
(60 ft) per season at a rate of about 30 cm (12 in) per day. This vigorous vine may
extend 10–30 m (30–100 ft) in length, with basal stems 1–10 cm (1–4 in) diameter.
Kudzu roots are fleshy, with massive tap roots 10–20 cm (4–8 in) or more in diameter,
1–2 m (3–6 ft) or more in length, and weighing as much as 180 kg. As many as thirty stems
may grow from a single root crown.
Kudzu grows well under a wide range of conditions and in most soil types.
Preferred habitats are forest edges, abandoned fields, roadsides, and disturbed
areas, where sunlight is abundant. Kudzu grows best where winters do not drop
below –15 °C (5 °F), average summer temperatures are regularly above 27 °C (80
°F), and annual rainfall is 1000 mm (40 in) or more. In areas where winters drop
below –15 °C, it will be killed to ground level, but the roots may send up new
growth in the spring.
Kudzu is sometimes referred to as "the plant that ate the South",
a reference to how kudzu's explosive growth has been most prolific in the southeastern
United States due to nearly ideal growing conditions. Significant sums of money
and effort are spent each growing season to prevent kudzu from taking over
roads, bridges, power lines, and local vegetation.
Uses - Culinary: The starchy roots are ground into a fine powder
and used for varieties of Wagashi and herbal medicines. When added to water and heated,
kudzu powder becomes clear and adds stickiness to the food. The name Kudzu appeared first
in Kojiki and Nihonshoki as a type of vine or Kazura (葛 or 蔓) used commonly
by the people who lived in Kudzu (国栖), area around present-day Yoshino,
Nara prefecture. It is unclear whether the name was taken from the people or the name of
the plant was applied to the people. Kudzu has been in use for over 1300 years and
it is speculated that it goes back even further. In the Nara and Heian era, records had been
found that they were collected and sent as a part of tax. Even today, "Yoshino Kudzu"
has the best image of kudzu powder yet.Kagoshima prefecture is the largest producer of kudzu
products.
Uses - Medicinal: Studies have shown that kudzu can reduce
both hangovers and alcohol cravings. The mechanism for this is not yet established, but it may
have to do with both alcohol metabolism and the reward circuits in the brain. Kudzu also
contains a number of useful isoflavones, including daidzein (an anti-inflammatory and
antimicrobial agent),daidzin (a cancer preventive) and genistein (an antileukemic agent).
Kudzu is a unique source of the isoflavone,puerarin. Kudzu root compounds can affect
neurotransmitters (including serotonin, GABA, and glutamate) and it has shown value in
treating migraine and cluster headache.
In
traditional Chinese medicine, where it is known as gé gēn (葛根), kudzu is
considered one of the 50 fundamental herbs. It is used to treat tinnitus,
vertigo, and
Wei syndrome (superficial heat close to the surface).
Kudzu vines can make walking across an area nearly impossible, as it takes
over all horizontal and vertical surfaces, both natural and manmade. Its dense
growth obstructs all views and movement into the area. It kills or degrades
other plants by smothering them under a solid blanket of leaves, by girdling
woody stems and tree trunks, and by breaking branches or uprooting entire trees
and shrubs through its weight.
The spread of kudzu is mainly by vegetative expansion by runners and rhizomes and
by vines that root
at the nodes
to form new plants. Kudzu will also spread by seeds, which are
contained in pods and mature in the
autumn. One or
two viable seeds are produced per cluster of pods. These hard-coated seeds may
not germinate
for several years, which can result in the re-appearance of the species years
after it was thought eradicated at a site.
Contents of this page
-- MMPND
UKT: It is regrettable that this webpage used pix in gif format (instead of a
Unicode font) to represent script characters making it impossible to download
the original file. The result is all the characters are lost, except
Burmese-Myanmar which I could easily salvage because of my knowledge of the
Burmese language.
Species on this page ( A = names
approved by most authorities, s =
approved as synonyms) :
Note on Chinese vernacular (common) names.
UKT: Out of 11 entries, 10 are known as Kudzu
.
01. Pueraria candollei Graham ex Benth.
ENGLISH : Burmese kudzu.
FRENCH : Kudzu du Bangladesh.
02. Pueraria edulis Pamp.
CHINESE : Shi yong ge teng, Ge gen, Ge hua, Gan
ge, Tian ge, Ge teng, Shi yong ge (medicinal name).
ENGLISH : Edible kudzu, Chinese kudzu.
FRENCH : Kudzu de Chine.
03. Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvat.
ENGLISH : Thai kudzu.
FRENCH : Kudzu de Siam.
04. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.
SYNONYM(S) : Pueraria tonkinensis Gagnep., Pueraria lobata (Willd.)
Ohwi var. montana van der Maesen, Dolichos montanus Lour.,
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merrill
CHINESE : Shan ge teng, Shan ge teng (medicinal name).
ENGLISH : Wild kudzu, Taiwan kudzu.
FRENCH : Dolique kudzu tonkinoise, Kudzu de Formose.
LAOTIAN : Chüa tau kung, Khauz pièd.
VIETNAMESE : Day cae lan, Day dan, San day.
05. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. chinensis Maesen & S.M.
Almeida -> Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr.
var. thomsonii (Benth.) Wiersema ex D.B. Ward
06. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen
& S.M. Almeida
SYNONYM(S) : Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi, Pueraria hirsuta (Thunb.)
Matsum. nom.illeg., Pueraria hirsuta (Thunb.) Schneider, Pueraria
thunbergiana (Siebold & Zucc.) Benth., Pueraria pseudo-hirsuta Tang
et Wang, Dolichos lobatus Willd., Pueraria triloba (Houtt.)
Makino, Dolichos japonica hort.
ARABIC : Kisht yâbânî.
CHINESE : Ye ge, Ge, Bai ge, Huang ge teng,
tian ge teng, Ri ben ge , Fen ge teng, Ma ge teng, Mao
ge teng, , Ge gen (medicinal name) , Ge hua (medicinal name).
DUTCH : Koedzoe.
ENGLISH : Kudzu, Japanese arrowroot.
FRENCH : Dolique kudzu, Puéraire kudzu.
GERMAN : Knollengrische, Kopoubohne.
ITALIAN : Kudzo.
JAPANESE : Tokiiro kuzu (as P. hirsuta), Kakkon (as P. lobata),
Kuzu (as P. lobata).
KOREAN : (as P.thunbergiana), Ch'iri kkot (as P.thunbergiana).
MALAY : Bitok (Indonesia).
SPANISH : Kudzu comun.
SUNDANESE : Tobi.
TAGALOG : Baai (?), Tahaunon (?).
THAI : Tamyakhrua.
VIETNAMESE : Cu nang, Cu san day.
07. Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. thomsonii (Benth.)
Wiersema ex D.B. Ward
SYNONYM(S) : Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi var. thomsonii (Benth.)
Maesen, Pueraria thomsonii Benth.
CHINESE : Gan ge teng, Fen ge, Gan ge, Ge ma teng,
Ge gen (medicinal name).
ENGLISH : Mealy kudzu, Thomson's kudzu.
FRENCH : Dolique kudzu de Chine.
THAI : Phakphit.
VIETNAMESE : Day cat can, San day.
08.Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.
CHINESE : San lie ye ye ge, San lie ye ge teng, San lie
ye ye ge teng, San lie ye ye ge (medicinal name), Fen ge, Ge
teng.
ENGLISH : Kudzu, Kudzu vine, Tropical kudzu, Puero (Aust.).
FRENCH : Kudzu tropical.
LAOTIAN : Pièd, S'üak pièd.
MALAY : Kudzu tropika, Krandang (Indonesia).
NEPALESE :
Bidaarii laharo (Bidari laharo),
Kuduzu ghans.
TAGALOG : Singkamasaso.
THAI : Thua sian paa.
VIETNAMESE : Dau ma, Dau dai, Dau rung.
09. Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. var. javanica (Benth.) Baker
CHINESE :
Zhao wa san lie ye ge teng.
ENGLISH : Kudzu, Kudzu vine, Large-flowered tropical kudzu, Puero (Aust.).
FRENCH : Kudzu de Java, Kudzu tropical à larges gousses.
GERMAN: Tropischer Kudzu.
SPANISH : Puero ?.
10. Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. var. phaseoloides
ENGLISH : Kudzu, Kudzu vine, Tropical kudzu.
FRENCH : Kudzu tropical.
Most names applied to the species fit this variety.
11. Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC.
BURMESE :
ENGLISH : Indian kudzu, Nepalese kudzu.
FRENCH : Kudzu de l'Inde.
NEPALESE : Baraalii kunda (Barali kund), Biraalii mando (Birali
mando).
Note
It is obvious from looking at the Chinese names that most plants have many
common names. For each species or variety we have drawn attention to the main
plant name by bolding it and to the medicinal name (which can be a common
name for another plant). The bolded names are those that are the most reliable.
The English and French names, although informative, are also very vague, and
certainly too imprecise to be relied upon for proper identification.
REFERENCES : General Bibliography
REFERENCES : Complementary / Specific
EURODICAUTOM 1999, Multilingual Terminological Database,
European Commission Translation Service. (12 languages of the European
Community). < http://eurodic.echo.lu/cgi-bin/edicbin/EuroDicWWW.pl
Flach M. & Rumawas F. (Editors), 1996, Pueraria lobata (Willdenow)
Ohwi : Plant Resources of South-East Asia N°9 . Plants Yielding non-seed
Carbohydrates. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. pp 178 - 179.
Halim R.A. 1992, Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth. In : L.'t
Mannetje & Jones R.M. (Editors) : Plant Resources of South-East Asia N°4 .
Forages. Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen. pp 192 - 195.
Herklots G.A.C. 1972, Vegetables in South East Asia. George Allen &
Unwin Ltd. London (or Hafner Press in New York). (Assamese-romanised, Burmese-romanised,
Cantonese - traditional characters + romanization, English, Latin, Tamil-romanised).
Mabberley D.J. 1997, The Plant-Book : a Portable Dictionary of the
Vascular Plants, 2d Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
USDA, ARS, 2000, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm
Resources Information Network - (GRIN). [Online Database] National
Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Available: <
http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxdump.pl?pueraria
> (27 January 2000).
Wiersema J. H. & León B. 1999, World Economic Plants : a
Standard Reference. CRC Press LLC.
Xie Zongwa & Yu Youqin (Editors), 1996, Materia Medica, Chinese
Terminology, Vol. 1, Renminweisheng Publishing House Beijing, China.
Contents of this page
Family: Fabaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 23-0600:
{Ñan°-ping}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 01-529:
{Ñan°-ping}
• UHM: NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{Ñan°}
-
--TravPo-M-Dict
116
{Ñan°}
- n. annual growing in marshy places, Sesbania cannabina . -- Myan-Engl-Dict
157
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 23-0600: Daincha
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 01-529: NL
• UHM: NL
Picture:
• Leader from Nagathein 01-528
•Plant identification characters :
• An annual herb usually found in the rainy season.
However, in some places, it can still be found in the dry season especially in
marshy places. Similar to {ré-tha.kyiÑ:} [Sesbania aegyptiaca -- Agri.dept.2000
50-1331] and can be considered a {ré-tha.kyiÑ:
a.reing:} and is termed {wa.na.za.yan~ti} [where the prefix {wa.na.} means
'jungle'] in {ni.GaN~Ðu. kyam:}. The term {za.yan~ti} means {ré-tha.kyiÑ:}.
Myanmars eat the leaves (boiled, or pickled) as vegi-mate. [See
Myanmar cuisine.] The stems are
pithy and can be used as cork (bottle-stoppers and floats). The flowers are
yellow. Cattle, water-buffaloes, sheep and goats love to eat the leaves. The
plant can grow up to 7 feet. The fruit, a "pod". -- Nagathein, free
translation by UKT.
Distribution in Myanmar:
•Part used and uses:
Roots: Anthelmintic; diuretic; galactagogue. Eye diseases. Seeds:
Anthelmintic -- Nagathein, free translation by UKT.
Ethnobotany (Worldwide use):
Constituents:
Contents of this page
Family: Fabaceae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 36-0952:
{pè:nan°.tha}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-221:
{pè:nan°.tha}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{pè:nan°.tha} -
--TravPo-M-Dict 186
{pè:nan°.tha} - n.
fenugreek. Trigonella foenumgraecum. --Myan-Engl-Dict 261
- Myan-Ortho
Hindi : {mé-hti} -- Nagathein
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 36-0952: Fenugreek seed
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-221: NG
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader - Nagathein
Plant identification characters :
Because
it is a well-known plant, its description need not be given. It is sweet
smelling as its name implied. Young leaves can be made into curries. The
seeds are used as an ingredient in curry-powders. It is useful in medicine for
which the seeds need to be sun-dried, and gently roasted in a new pot. --
Nagathein, free translation by UKT.
• Height 1 to 2 ft. Seed used is brownish yellow. -- "Report on Analysis of
Medicinal Plants" [Burmese-Myanmar text translated name by UKT], Central
Research Organization, 1982, p.36.
Distribution in Myanmar :
• Grown in central Myanmar -- "Report on Analysis of Medicinal Plants"
[Burmese-Myanmar text translated name by UKT], Central Research Organization,
1982, p.36.
Part
used and uses :
• Apply pasty substance, Fenugreek and honey) as plaster in fracture, orally use
with warm water, use as flavouring agent. Indication: indigestion, fracture,
anaemia, tumour, cold, dizziness, headache and neck stiffness -- Myat Myat Ohn
Khin, Resources of Myanmar Traditional Medicine, Min. of Health, 2001.
p.30
• Fenugreek. Greek Hay. Trigonella foenumgraecum L.,
Leguminosae, an annual herb, cultivated in Southern Europe., Northern Africa
and India for its seeds which are used in making curry. The seeds contain
the alkaloid trigonelline (q. v.) and the steroidal sapogenin diosgenin (q.
v.): Fazli, Hard-man, Trop. Sci. 10, 66-78 (1968). Use:
Has been used in making imitation maples syrup and for culinary spices other
than curry, flavoring agent. THERAP CAT (VET): Emollient. -- Merck
Index, 13th ed., entry no. 4036, p0710
Constituents :
• Fenugreek. Greek Hay. Trigonella foenumgraecum L.,
Leguminosae, an annual herb, cultivated in Southern Europe., Northern Africa
and India for its seeds which are used in making curry. The seeds contain the
alkaloid trigonelline (q. v.) and the steroidal sapogenin diosgenin (q. v):
Fazli, Hard-man, Trop. Sci. 10, 66-78 (1968). Use:
Has been used in making imitation maples syrup and for culinary spices other
than curry, flavoring agent. THERAP CAT (VET): Emollient. -- Merck
Index, 13th ed., entry no. 4036, p0710
• [Seeds ?] Diosgenin 0.25, Yamogenin 0.25%. Can be used for preparation of
steroid medicinal. -- -- "Report on Analysis of Medicinal Plants" , Central
Research Organization, 1982, p.36. [Burmese-Myanmar text translated name
by UKT]
• Alkaloid trigonelline. The plants can be used as insect repellent in grain
storage -- U Hla Maw, Central Research Organization, 1965, p.19.
[Burmese-Myanmar text translated name by UKT]
Contents of this page
Chklist online not available due to Myanmar ISPs' failure.
USDA-NRCS
"TRBR15","Trigonella brachycarpa (Fisch. ex M. Bieb.) Moris",">>Medicago
brachycarpa","Fabaceae"
"TRPO8","Trigonella polycarpa Boiss. & Heldr.",">>Medicago
heldreichii","Fabaceae"
"TRLA26","Trigonella laciniata auct. non L. [misapplied]",">>Medicago
laciniata","Fabaceae"
"TRNE8","Trigonella neoana Boiss.",">>Medicago monantha","Fabaceae"
"TRMO7","Trigonella monspeliaca L.",">>Medicago monspeliaca","Fabaceae"
"TRPO10","Trigonella polyceratia L.",">>Medicago polyceratia","Fabaceae"
"TRPO11","Trigonella popovii Korovin",">>Medicago popovii","Fabaceae"
"TRRU10","Trigonella ruthenica L.",">>Medicago ruthenica","Fabaceae"
"TRIGO","Trigonella L.","fenugreek","Fabaceae"
"TRAR13","Trigonella arabica Delile","","Fabaceae"
"TRCA14","Trigonella caerulea (L.) Ser.","blue fenugreek","Fabaceae"
"TRCO7","Trigonella corniculata (L.) L.","cultivated fenugreek","Fabaceae"
"TRCR16","Trigonella cretica (L.) Boiss.","","Fabaceae"
"TRFO80","Trigonella foenum-graecum L.","sicklefruit fenugreek","Fabaceae"
"TRGL11","Trigonella gladiata Steven ex M. Bieb.","","Fabaceae"
"TRPR8","Trigonella procumbens (Bess.) Reichenb.","trailing fenugreek","Fabaceae"
"TRRA8","Trigonella ?ramosa L.","branched fenugreek","Fabaceae"
Contents of this page
Entry format: Botanical name / Family /
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
• Agri.Dept.2000 :
• Chklist:
• LSR :
• FAO :
• KS-TMN:
• Nagathein :
• UHM :/ Myanmar-Script Spelling
(•Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho/
Chklist data /
Hindi /
Sanskrit /
English common name used in Myanmar /
Picture /
Plant identification characters /
Distribution in Myanmar /
Part used and uses /
Constituents /
End of TIL file
