Medicinal Plants of Myanmar
Solanaceae
compiled by U Kyaw Tun, U Pe Than, and staff of TIL. Not for sale.
Family: Solanaceae 6 entries
•
Solanaceae family - general characters
• Capsicum frutescens
• {nga.roat}
• Datura alba • {pa.deing:hpru}
•
Datura fastuosa •
{pa.deing:ni}
/
{pa.deing:nak}
•
Datura stramonium
• {pa.deing:hkat~ta}
• Nicotiana tabacum
• {hsé:rwak-kri:}
•
Solanum indicum • {hka.ram:ka.hsau.}
• Datura spp.
• {pa-deing}
• Solanum spp.
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Solanaceae family - general characters
From: Families yielding important phytopharmaceuticals in Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, by Michael Heinrich, J. Barnes, S. Gibbons, and E. Williamson, October 2003, ISBN:0443071322, pp.320 -- www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/747.pdf
This family includes one of the most important staples Solanum tuberosum (potato) and many medicinal and toxic plants known for their highly active natural products.
Important medicinal plants from the family
• Atropa belladonna L. (deadly nightshade, atropa), Datura
stramonium L. (stramonium) and Hyoscyamus niger L. (henbane), which
yield alkaloids with spasmolytic and anticholinergic properties; atropine is
used in ophthalmology.
Morphological characteristics of the family
(Fig. 4.15)
Fig. 4.15. (a) Datura stramonium (datura, Solanaceae), showing capsule enclosing the highly toxic seeds. (b) Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade, atropa, Solanaceae), showing a flowering and fruiting branch with the violet-brown (outside) and dirty yellow (inside) floweres and the shiny black berries (highly toxic). After Frohne & Jensen (1998). [resized for TIL]
The usually simple, lobed or pinnate/three-foliate leaves of these
shrubs,
herbs or trees are generally arranged spirally. The taxa
have bisexual, radial flowers with five fused sepals, mostly five fused petals,
five stamens and two gynaecia, which generally develop into a berry or a
capsule.
Distribution
This family of about 2600 species is particularly well represented in South
and Central America, but is widely distributed in most parts of the world.
Chemical characteristics of the family
Typical for the family are alkaloids, especially of the tropane, nicotine and
steroidal type (Fig. 4.16). Many taxa are characterized by oxalic acid, which
often forms typical structures (e.g. sand-like in Atropa belladonna,
irregular crystals in Datura stramonium).
Capsicum frutescens
Family: Solanaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 15-0380:
{nga.roat}
• Chklist:
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 1-345:
{nga.roat
(a.mé-ri.kan)}
• UHM 12: Nga-yok.
Myanmar-Script Spelling
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries
{nga.roat} -
--
TravPo-M-Dict 069
{nga.roat} - n. red or cayenne pepper; chilli -- Myan-Engl-Dict 091
Chklist data:
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 15-0380: Red pepper, Chili
• Chklist:
• LSR: NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 1-345: Chilli
• UHM 12: chilli or red pepper
Picture:
• Leader
Plant identification characters :
• A small shrubby perennial with angled stem and branches, broadly ovate-acuminate leaves and axillary greenish-white or white flowers -- UHM
Distribution in Myanmar:
• Takon, Yamethin, Meiktila, Pakokku, Dry Zone -- UHM
Part used and used as:
• Dried ripe fruit. Used as stimulant, counter-irritant, stomachic carminative, rubefacient, condiment -- UHM
Constituents:
• 1. Capsacin - pungent substances about 0.1 %, 2. An alkaloid (volatile in nature), 3. Vitamin C, 4. Resin, fixed oil, etc. (7) -- UHM
Datura alba
syn.: Datura metel
Family: Solanaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0903:
{pa.deing:hpru}
• Chklist: NL
• LSR: NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-268:
{pan:teing:thi: (a.hpru)}
• UHM 21: Padaing-phyu -- listed as D. metel
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
NL- TravPo-M-Dict
NL- Myan-Engl-Dict
- Myan-Ortho
Chklist data:
Datura alba is not listed in both Chklist and USDA-NRCS
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0903: White datura; Thorn apple
• Chklist:
• LSR: NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 2-268: NG
• UHM 21: White Datura
Picture:
• Leader from
www.nutritionfocus.com/nutrition_supplementation/herbs/jimsonweed.html#3
• Picture on lower right from
www.himalyahealthcare.com/aboutayurveda/cahd.htm
Plant identification characters :
• An annual densely woody herb with greyish tomentum, stem erect 0.9 - 1.2 m high, stout, terete, leaves narrowly ovate, margin entire or narrowly toothed, apex acute to acuminate, base unequal and often cordate. Flowers solitary, large whitish green purple below. Fruit a capsule, globose, nodding, covered with long rather slender spines. -- UHM
Distribution in Myanmar:
• Kachin State, Chill Hills, Mongnai Range, Kalaw, Taunggyi. An occasional weed. -- UHM
Part used and uses :
• Dried leaves. Used as relax bronchial muscles in the bronchial spasm of asthma, intoxicatic, emetic, digestive. Scopolamine is used as hypnotic drug. -- UHM
• The fresh leaves contain ferredoxin, and the withanolide datumetelin along with the withanolide daturilin. The leaves also yielded withametin B, secowithametelin, a hexacyclic withanolide, 12-deoxy withastramolide, physalinliconol, datumetixone and p-methoxybezoyl ester of tropine. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic and analgesic properties. Used in muscle and joint rub. -- www.himalyahealthcare.com/aboutayurveda/cahd.htm
UKT: Ferredoxins are acidic, low molecular weight, soluble iron-sulfur proteins found in various organisms, and act as multifuncitonal electron carriers in diverse redox systems.
Iron-sulfur proteins are defined as proteins carrying iron-sulfur cluster(s) in which the iron is at least partially coordinated by sulfur. Iron-sulfur clusters are prosthetic groups commonly found in various proteins that participate in oxidation-reduction reactions and catalysis.
In most instances, the iron is bound to sulfur(s) from cysteine residues in polypeptide backbone and also to inorganic sulfurs in the iron-sulfur cluster. The chief role of the iron-sulfur cluster is to facillitate electron transfer, while in others, the clusters contribute to catalytic function.
www.protein.osaka-u.ac.jp/enzymology/Fd_Model/Ferredoxin.htmlUKT: Ferredoxin is an electron receptor used in both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. It "picks up" excited electrons produced from chlorophyll, when exposed to sunlight. The ferredoxin then passes on the electron to a series of enzymes known as "carrier" enzymes, which will eventually return the electron to the chlorophyll, where it may be used again.
The main action of ferredoxin is to convert ADP ( adenosine diphosphate) to ATP ( adenosine triphosphate) this is done by the excited electrons "giving up" their energy to add on the inorganic phosphate unit. This energy will be used during the course of the light-independent reaction (stage) of photosynthesis, to produce glucose. -- www.answers.com/topic/ferredoxin
Constituents:
• 1. Active principles similar to that of stramonium. 2. Chief alkaloid - Scopolamine. 3. Other alkaloids - a-Meteloidine, b Nor-hyoscyamine (4) -- UHM
Datura fastuosa
Family: Solonaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0902:
{pa.deing:ni}/
{pa.deing:nak}
• Chklist:
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein: NL
• UHM 20: Padaing-me
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
{pa.deing:} -
- TravPo-M-Dict
179
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} -
- TravPo-M-Dict
179
UKT: TravPo-M-Dict 179 also gives
{pa.deing:ño} as an alternate name for {pa.deing:hkat~ta}
{pa.deing:} - n. 1. species of Datura . 2. angel's trumpet,
Datura suaveolens
- Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} - n. thorn-apple; stramonium, Datura stramonium
- Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pan:teing:} - n. See
{pa.daing:}
- Myan-Engl-Dict 276
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0902: Black datura
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN : NL
• Nagathein: NL
• UHM 20: Black datura
Picture:
• Picture on right from:
www.erowid.org/plants/datura/datura_fastuosa.shtml . Click on picture to enlarge
Plant :
• An annual herb with stout stem about 30-60 cm high, rather succulent,
divaricately branched with ovate deeply toothed leaves, main nerves usually
about 8 on one side of the mid rib and 6 on the other, flowers purple outside,
usually white inside, stout hairy, fruit a capsule nodding on curved pedicels,
covered all over with numerous sharp prickles. -- UHM
• An annual herb, 4 to 5 feet tall, with ovate 7- to 8 inch leaves. The flower
is 7 inches long, white inside, violet and yellowish outside, with a purple
calyx. The fruit is a 1.25 inch diameter spiny capsule. There are also
double-flowered and blue-, red-, and yellow-flowered varieties. Native to India
and naturalized in the tropics of both hemispheres.--
www.erowid.org/plants/datura/datura_fastuosa.shtml
Distribution in Myanmar:
• Kachin State, Mongnai Range, Kalaw Range, Southern
and Northern Shan States. An occasional weed common in waste land and on rubbish heaps. -- UHM
Part used and uses :
• Dried leaves. Used to relax bronchial muscles in the bronchial spasm of
asthma. Used as intoxicatic, emetic, digestive. Scopolamine is used as hypnotic drug.
-- UHM
Ethnobotany (Worldwide use) (with ref.):
Constituents :
• 1. 0.12 % of total alkaloids
2. Chief alkaloid - Scopolamine
3. Hydrocyamine, Hyoscine, Atropine - all in traces (4) -- UHM
Datura stramonium
Family: Solanaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0900:
{pa.daing:hkat~ta}
• FAO : NL
• Lè-seik-shin : NL
• KS-TMN 210: Padaing - khatta
• Nagathein 2-266:
{pan:daing:hkat~ta}
• UHM 21: Padaing-khatta
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
{pa.daing:} -
- TravPo-M-Dict
179
{pa.daing:hkat~ta} -
- TravPo-M-Dict
179
UKT: TravPo-M-Dict 179 also gives
{pa.deing:ño} as an alternate name for {pa.daing:hkat~ta}
{pa.daing:} - n. 1. species of Datura . 2. angel's trumpet,
Datura suaveolens
- Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pa.daing:hkat~ta} - n. thorn-apple; stramonium, Datura stramonium
- Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pan:taing:} - n. See
{pa.daing:}
- Myan-Engl-Dict 276
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 34-0900: Stramonium
• Chklist:
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN 210: Padaing - khatta
• Nagathein 2-266: Apple of Peru, Devil's Apple, Devil's Trumpet, Jamestown
Weed, Jimson weed, Mad apple, Thorn apple, Stink Weed
• UHM 21: Thorn Apple, Apple of Peru
Picture :
• Leader from Nagathein 2-266.
• Photos:
left --habit with a flowers;
right -- habit with a fruits.
Click on the pictures to enlarge. -- KS-TMN
Plant identification characters :
• A coarse annual herb or an undershrub; younger stems terete, erect, glabrous or puberulent. Leaves alternate, becoming opposite or near the inflorescences, simple; exstipulate; petiolate; laminae ovate or triangular-ovate, the bases obtuse, cuneate or sometimes rounded, the margins deeply toothed, sinuate-dentate, the tips acute to acuminate, unicostate, reticulate, the surfaces pubescent. Inflorescences in axillary solitary cymes, sometimes terminal in the forks of branches. Flowers ebracteate, ebracteolate, pedicellate, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx synsepalous, tubular, long, 5-toothed, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, in fruit circumsciss above the base, the upper part deciduous. Corolla synpetalous, infundibuliform, 5-lobed, the tubes tubular, dilated towards the throat, the mouth wide, the lobes plicate, cuspidate, white. Androecium polyandrous, stamens 5, epipetalous, near base of corolla tube, the filaments filiform, the anthers dithecous, oblongoid, basifixed, introrse, dehiscence longitudinal. Pistil 1, ovary ovoid, longitudinal grooved, covered with emergences, 2-carpelled, syncarpous, 4-loculed by false septation, the placentation axile, the ovules numerous on intruding placentae, the style slender, the stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a septicidal capsule, ovoid, erect, dehiscing nearly to the base by 4-valves, covered with long and short rigid prickles; seeds many, discoid to reniform, laterally compressed, rugose, endospermic. Flowering and fruiting periods: January - May. -- KS-TMN
• An annual rank smelling herb attaining a height of 1- 1.6 m., stem glabrous and dividdes into 2 or 3 green branches which in turn bifurcate and bear inquilaterally-ovate acuminate leaves with sinuate-dentate margins. Flowers appear in the forks of branches on short peduncles, white. Fruit a prickly 4 valved capsule, the lower prickles of which are mostly shorter than those above. -- UHM
Distribution in Myanmar:
• Usually grows on highlands (eg. Shan States ) upto 9000ft. -- KS-TMN
• Kachin State, Chin Hills, Mongnai range, Taunggyi, Shan States -- UHM
Part used and used as:
• Roots, leaves and seeds. Leprosy; Skin disease; Febrifuge; Antiseptic; Haemorrhoids; Pneumonitis; Anthelmintic; Give energy . Root: Prevents habitual abortion . Leaf: Chronic mastitis; Pneumonitis . Seed: Tooth - ache. -- KS-TMN
• Dried leaves and flowering tops. Used as relax brochial muscles in bronchial asthma. Also employed as an anodyne in Postencephalitic Parkinsonism, Paralysis agitans. Properties similar to Belladona. -- UHM
Constituents:
• 1. 0.7 % of alkaloids
2. Hypo-cyamine
3. Acropine
4. Apotropine
5. Belladonnine
6. Scopolamine
7. Resin
8. Daturine (a mixture of Hyoscyamine and Atropine) (4) -- UHM
Nicotiana tabacum
Family: Solanaceae
Burmese-Myanmar transcript names:
• Agri.Dept.2000 20-517:
{hsé:} /
{hsé:rwak-kri:}
• Chklist:
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 1-471:
{hsé:} /
{hsé:rwak-kri:}
• UHM 35: See
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries :
{hsé:rwak-kri:} -
-- TravPo-M-Dict102
{hsé:rwak-kri:} - n. tobacco leaf - Myan-Engl-Dict 134
UKT: According to Professor Dr. Than Tun, the historian, N. rustica was smoked in Myanmar before the introduction of N. tabacum.
It should be noted that the Burmese meaning of the word
Hind :
Sanskrit :
Chklist data:
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 20-517: Tobacco plant
• Chklist:
• LSR : NL
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN: NL
• Nagathein 1-471:
{hsé:} /
{hsé:rwak-kri:}
• UHM 35: Tobacco plant
Picture :
• Leader -
www.erowid.org/plants/show_image.php?i=tobacco/nicotiana_tabacum2.jpg
• Photo: left N. tabaccum -
www.dipbot.unict.it/orto/0182-1.html ;
Drawing right - parts of N. tabacum (regret unknown source)
• Photo: left-lower -leaves of N. tabacum
www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/pictures/p09/pages/nicotiana-tabacum.htm :
Drawing
right-lower - parts of N. rustica
www.erowid.org/plants/show_image.php?i=tobacco/nicotiana_rustica3.jpg
Plant identification characters :
• An erect glandular pubescent herb with terete stems, leaves large, oblong lanceolate, acuminate, sessile, inflorescence a panicled raceme consisting of many flowers, fruit a capsule seeds numerous, small. -- UHM
Distribution of Myanmar:
• Mongnai range, Lang Kho (Southern Shan State) etc.
Part used and uses :
• Cured and dried leaves. Used as Narcotic, sedative, diaphoretic, emetic. -- UHM
Constituents :
• 1. 1-8 percent of nicotine. 2. Small quantities of the following bases. 2a. Nicotinine. 2b. Nicotelline. 2c. Pyrrolidine. 3d. N-methyl-pyrroline. 3. Resin. 4. Volatile oil (4) -- UHM
Solanum indicum
Family : Solanaceae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts :
• Agri.Dept.2000 11-0282:
{hka.ram:ka.sau.}
• Chklist: Kazaw-kha, Khayan-kazaw
• LSR 001:
{ka.zau.hka:}
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN 213: Khayan-kazaw; Kazaw-kha
• Nagathein 1-252:
{hka.ram:ka.sau.}
• UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
{hka.ram:ka.sau.} -
- TravPo-M-Dict
041
{hka.ram:ka.sau.} - n. same as {ka.sau.hka:}
- Myan-Engl-Dict 054
{ka.sau.hka:} - n. Indian nightshade, Solanum indicum - Myan-Engl-Dict
002
Chklist data:
• Solanum indicum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Bago, Mandalay,
Shan, Yangon. Common Names: Hkanjawi, Kaju, Kazaw-kha, Khayan-kazaw
Hindi :
Sanskrit :
English common name used in Myanmar :
• Agri.Dept.2000 11-0282: Indian night-shade plant
• Chklist:
• LSR 001: Indian night-shade
• FAO : NL
• KS-TMN 213: NG
• Nagathein 1-252: NG
• UHM : NL
Picture :
• Leader -- Nagathein
• Photos:
left - habit with flowers;
right --habit with fruits.
Click on the pictures to enlarge.
Plant identification characters :
• An undershrub, much branched, prickles many, large, sharp, the bases compressed, often recurved. Leaves alternate or subopposite, simple; exstipulate; petiolate, prickly; laminae ovate or pinnatifid, the lobes few, large, triangular-ovate, the tips subacute, the bases cordate, cuneate or truncate, often oblique, the margins entire, sinuate, the tips acute, unicostate, reticulate, the surfaces pubescent. Inflorescences in extra axillary cymes, many-flowered; bracts not found. Flowers ebracteolate, pedicellate, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx synsepalous, 5-lobed, the lobes triangular, tomentose, persistent. Corolla synpetalous, 5-lobed, rotate, the tubes short, the lobes plicate, deltoid-ovate, blue, the outer surfaces tomentose. Androecium polyandrous, stamens 5, blue, epipetalous, the filaments very short or obsolete, the anthers dithecous, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous, dehisce by apical pores. Pistil 1, ovary globose, 2-carpelled, syncarpous, 2-loculed, the ovules many in each locule, the placentation axile, the style pubescent, curved at the apex, the stigma capitate. Fruit a berry, globose, glabrous, dark yellow when ripe; seeds subdiscoid, much compressed, endosperm fleshy. Flowering and fruiting periods: Throughout the year -- KS-TMN
Distribution in Myanmar :
• Throughout the tropical regions of Myanmar. -- KS-TMN
Part used and uses :
• Roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds: Angina pectoris; Leprosy;
Pyrexia; Asthma; Expectorant; Antiseptic; Anorexia; Good for heart; Emesis; Pruritis; Antidote for snake and scorpion venoms.
Root powder: Diseases of tooth. -- KS-TMN
UKT: In spite of its English common name 'Indian night-shade', the unripe fruit (green or roasted) is eaten by Myanmars (myself included) as a vegemate . See Myanmar cuisine.
Constituents :
Datura spp.
Family: Solanaceae
Results of search for 'Datura' in the Checklist of Plants of
Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 9 Aug 2006.
• Datura arborea L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated
• Datura metel L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Horn of plenty, Pa-daing-byu, Pa-daing-khata, Pa-daing-ni, Thorn apple
• Datura stramonium L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Padaing-khat-ta, Padaing-nyo, Stramonium, Thorn apple
• Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Habit: Shrub.
Distribution: Cultivated. Common Names: Angel's trumpet, Padaing
USDA-NRCS
"DATUR","Datura L.","jimsonweed","Solanaceae"
"DADI2","Datura discolor Bernh.","desert thorn-apple","Solanaceae"
"DAIN7","Datura inermis Jacq. [excluded]","smoooth thorn-apple","Solanaceae"
"DAIN2","Datura inoxia P. Mill.","pricklyburr","Solanaceae"
"DAFA","Datura fastuosa auct. non L. [misapplied]",">>Datura
inoxia","Solanaceae"
"DAIN5","Datura innoxia Miller [orthographic variant]",">>Datura
inoxia","Solanaceae"
"DAME","Datura metel auct. non L. [misapplied]",">>Datura
inoxia","Solanaceae"
"DAME2","Datura meteloides auct. p.p., non Dunal",">>Datura
inoxia","Solanaceae"
"DAKY","Datura kymatocarpa Barclay","datura","Solanaceae"
"DALE5","Datura leichhardtii F. Muell. ex Benth.","Leichhardt's
datura","Solanaceae"
"DAPR2","Datura pruinosa Greenman","datura","Solanaceae"
"DAQU","Datura quercifolia Kunth","Chinese thorn-apple","Solanaceae"
"DAFE","Datura ferox auct. non L. [misapplied]",">>Datura
quercifolia","Solanaceae"
"DARE4","Datura reburra Barclay","datura","Solanaceae"
"DAST","Datura stramonium L.","jimsonweed","Solanaceae"
"DASTT","Datura stramonium L. var. tatula (L.) Torr.",">>Datura
stramonium","Solanaceae"
"DATA","Datura tatula L.",">>Datura stramonium","Solanaceae"
"DAWR2","Datura wrightii Regel","sacred thorn-apple","Solanaceae"
"DAINQ","Datura inoxia P. Mill. ssp. quinquecuspida (Torr.) Barcl.",">>Datura
wrightii","Solanaceae"
"DAMEQ","Datura metel L. var. quinquecuspida Torr.",">>Datura
wrightii","Solanaceae"
"DAME2","Datura meteloides auct. p.p., non Dunal",">>Datura wrightii","Solanaceae"
Agri.Dept.2000
UKT: Four species of datura (genus Datura, family Solanacea) were
listed by Agri.Dept.2000 on
page 34
• 34-0900: D. stramonium --
{pa.deing: khat~ta} -- Stramonium
• 34-0901: D. stramonium var. tatual --
{pa.deing: Ño} --
Blue Datura
• 34-0902: D. fastuasa --
{pa.deing: ni}
{pa.deing: nak} -- Black Datura
• 34-0903: D. alba --
{pa.deing: hpru} -- White Datura, Thorn Apple
Myanmar-Script Spelling :
•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries:
{pa.deing:} -
- TravPo-M-Dict
179
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} -
- TravPo-M-Dict
179
UKT: TravPo-M-Dict 179 also gives
{pa.deing:ño} as an alternate name for {pa.deing:hkat~ta}
{pa.deing:} - n. 1. species of Datura . 2. angel's trumpet,
Datura suaveolens
- Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pa.deing:hkat~ta} - n. thorn-apple; stramonium, Datura stramonium
- Myan-Engl-Dict 251
{pan:teing:} - n. See
{pa.daing:}
- Myan-Engl-Dict 276
Plant identification characters :
• Family: Solanaceae, Genus: Datura, Species: ceratocaula; inoxia; metel; stramonium; .... Datura is a woody-stalked, leafy herb growing up to 2 meters. It produces spiney seed pods and large white or purple trumpet-shaped flowers that face upward. Most parts of the plant contain atropine, scopolamine, and hyoscyamine. It has a long history of use both in S. America and Europe and is known for causing delirious states and poisonings in uninformed users. -- http://www.erowid.org/plants/datura/datura.shtml
Solanum spp.
Family: Solanaceae
Results of search for 'Solanum' in the Checklist of Plants
of Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 9 Aug 2006.
• Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter. Cited as: Solanum biflorum
Lour. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Taninthayi
• Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Cited as: Solanum khasianum C.B.
Clarke. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Shan
• Solanum americanum L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar
• Solanum barbisetum Nees. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Taninthayi
• Solanum betaceum Cav. Cited as: Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.)
Sendt. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Kachin, Sagaing, Unknown. Common Names: Sin-hkayan-gyin,
Tree tomato
• Solanum crinitum Lam. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar
• Solanum dulcamara L. Habit: Shrub, Climber. Distribution: Mandalay,
Yangon. Common Names: Aung-malay-pan, Hkwa-nyo
• Solanum erianthum D. Don. Habit: Shrub, Small tree. Distribution:
Reported from Myanmar. Common Names: Daung-satpya
• Solanum ferox L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Kachin, Kachin,
Taninthayi. Common Names: Nbabawk, Sin-hkayan, Sin-kadi, Tarabi
• Solanum indicum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Bago, Mandalay,
Shan, Yangon. Common Names: Hkanjawi, Kaju, Kazaw-kha, Khayan-kazaw
• Solanum mammosum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Bago, Taninthayi,
Unknown
• Solanum melongena L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Brinjal, Eggplant, Khayan, Khayan-sat, Litnga-shaba, Mak-Hku, Shaba, Ta-gau
• Solanum nigrum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Wide. Common Names:
Baung-laung-nyo, Black nightshade
• Solanum pseudocapsicum L. Cited as: Solanum capsicastrum
Link ex Schauer. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated. Common Names: Jerusalem
cherry, Pan-ngayok, Pan-ngayok, Winter cherry
• Solanum seaforthianum Andrews. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Mandalay
• Solanum spirale Roxb. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Kachin, Mandalay,
Sagaing
• Solanum torvum Sw. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Mandalay, Yangon.
Common Names: Hkawhkam-kaju, Kazaw-kha, Magwikaju, Mai-mak-hku-sum,
Myobyet-khayan
• Solanum trilobatum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Yangon. Common
Names: Mye-bok-hkayan
• Solanum tuberosum L. Habit: Shrub. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Ah-lu, Ahr-lu, A-lu, Ar-loo, Potato
• Solanum viarum Dun. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from Myanmar
• Solanum virginianum L. Cited as: Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad.
& Wendl. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Magway, Sagaing. Common Names:
Mye-bok-hkayan
• Solanum wrightii Benth. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar
Entry format: Botanical name / Family / Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts (• Agri.Dept.2000 :
• Chklist: • LSR : • FAO : • KS-TMN:
• Nagathein :
• UHM :/ Myanmar-Script Spelling (•
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho
/ Chklist data / Hindi /
Sanskrit / English common name used in Myanmar / Picture /
Plant identification characters / Distribution in Myanmar / Part
used and uses / Constituents /
End of TIL file