Rule 08. Non-alphabetic characters: ~ (tilde) for
{a.þût} and 
{paaHT-hsing.} Rule 09.
Super Thwé'hto to help in the understanding of Pali conjuncts
RBM-rule7-9.htm
by U Kyaw Tun, M.S. (I.P.S.T., U.S.A.), Daw Khin Wutyi, B.Sc., and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL). Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and staff of TIL Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR : http://www.tuninst.net , www.romabama.blogspot.com
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RBM-rules-indx.htm
Rule 07. Fossilized killed consonants
Rule 08. Non-alphabetic characters: ~ (tilde) for
{a.þût} and
{paaHT-hsing.}
Rule 09.
Super Thwé'hto to help in the understanding of Pali conjuncts
(Based on personal communication with U (Dr.) Tun Tint, formerly of MLC)
There are 4 fossilized characters dating back to the 13th century:
[fossil-characters.gif]
The derivation of
{rwÉ}/{ywÉ.} is illustrating. In the Pagan period
(11th century to the 13th) and a few centuries
after, the vowel {tic-hkaung:ngïn-ya.þût}
had existed, but it has given way to
[Fossil-uei-to-we.gif]
UKT: latest 150413, 151223:
•
{poad-hprût} (instead of 'comma') - /
•
{poad-ma.} (instead of 'period' or
'full-stop') - //
• 'period' or 'full-stop' and 'colon'
are used for pitch-registers (formerly
called "tones").
They are equated to IPA
suprasegmentals.
e.g.
{a.} [ă] ;
{a} [a] ;
{a:} [aː]
• 'hyphen' for separating syllables in the same word
• "middle dot" (Alt0183) will be
used occasionally to show that
{a.} is to be pronounced as /ə/,
e.g.
{a·ni}.
The most common non-alphabetic ASCII character in Romabama is the ~ (tilde) to show a ligature of two consonantal consonants
vertical:
{paaT.hsing.}, e.g.
{k~ka.} - not pronounceable
horizontal:{paaT.twè:}, e.g.
{þ~þa.} - not pronounceable
Note:
Essentially ~ (tilde) is used to show the hidden
{a.þût} over the first member of the conjunct,
meaning that the character has lost its
inherent vowel.
The need to show the tilde in Romabama
is exemplified in transcription of Skt~Dev to Romabama, e.g.
{ak} &
{ak~}
Skt: अक्ष [ akshá ] - m. die for playing. -- Mac002c1
= अ क ् ष -->{ak~Sa.}
Pal:{ak~hka.} '6-face dice' - UHS-PMD0005
There are two special conjuncts in Skt-Dev which are commonly used, which I am calling Pseudo-Kha and Pseudo-Za . They are formed as:
Pseudo-Kha : क ् ष --> क्ष
{kSa.} /kə.sa/
Pseudo-Za : ज ् ञ --> ज्ञ
{zña.} /zə.sa/
If you go by strictly Bur-Myan akshara rules, both are not pronounceable because of the viram. However, you will have pronounce them in Skt-Dev, for which you will have to include a schwa. These types of conjuncts are known in Mon-Myan as "aksharas with hangers-on" . Shown below are the first four I ran into: {na.hswè:}, {ma.hswè:}, {la.hswè:}, & {wa.hswè:}.
If we were to go by this description, we will
have to call Pseudo-Kha क्ष
{kSa.} as {ka.Sa.hswè:}, and Pseudo-Za
ज्ञ
{zña.} as {za.ña.lé:hswè:}. In Mon-Myan, we meet {ka.Ña.kri:hswè:}.
The first time I notice a different use
of visarga
{wic~sa.pauk} (which I usually
shorten to
{wic~sa.}) was in Gayatri Mantra as
{na:.} नः . Later I found it also
in Mon-Myan. Since, I have no way to represent
it, I have to borrow from Tamil visarga. It is
represented in Romabama as {:.}. It signifies
a very short vowel-duration of 1/2 eye-blk.
The commonly used parentheses ( ) will be used by Romabama since it has been adopted as part of Bur-Myan.
- UKT 150409, 151223
Though Bur-Myan (and Pali-Myan)
akshara matrix is strictly for base consonants,
Romabama has to include the medial consonants
{kya.},
{hkya.} and
{gya.} into row 2, to bring it in line with
Pali-Latin akshara matrix.
Pal-Latin following the lead of Eng-Lat & Skt-Dev (both being IE) uses Affricates in row 2. Because Romabama uses Broad transcription (or phonemic transcription), capturing only enough aspects of pronunciation, and meaning as the key factor, I can relate Pal-Myan to Skt-Dev as:
row #2 as plosive-stop:
{sa.} भ ,
{hsa.} छ ,
{za.} ज ,
{Za.} झ ,
row #2 as affricate:{zya.} &
In the above comparison, I have left out the nasal Nya'lé
{ña.} ञ - to make room in cell r2c4 for Mon-Myan & Skt-Dev. I have also left out the IPA and IAST transliterations to avoid unnecessary confusion.
UKT 180411: The vowel /é/ written as Tha'we'hto or Thwe'hto
{þa.wé-hto:},
placed on the left of the consonant being modified,
is a problem when Bur-Myan and Pali-Myan are transliterated into Engl-Lat. It is also a computer problem in font-rendering.
I've solved this problem using Super Thwe'hto, resulting
in a new form of presentation
of the motto of Shin Kic'si found in the Pali Grammar of Shin Kic'si
Note: Super Thwe'hto is only used when it is found placed between two consonants, e.g. it is only used in {ût~htau:}, not in {tau:}. It is a kind of conjunct.
End of TIL file
