The instrument of
combination is Romabama (Burmese-Myanmar
transcribed into extended-Latin script)Update: 2012-01-05 05:59 AM +0630
Mac-indx.htm
• in Sanskrit-Devanagari (Skt-Dev)
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
¤
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg ;
¤
http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/macdonell/
110416 , 110611
Downloaded and edited by by U Kyaw Tun (UKT)
(M.S., I.P.S.T., USA) and staff of
Tun Institute of Learning (TIL) .
CAVEAT: English transcription is in simple ASCII (without diacritics) for easy
pronunciation. Also, please note that meanings given by UHS may not exactly
match that in Macdonell.
• in Burmese-Myanmar (Bur-Myan) by U Hoke Sein, Pali-Myanmar Dictionary, {pa.dat~hta.miñ-zu-þa}, 1st printing ca. 1959, Ministry of Religious Affairs publication, Rangoon , p1180.
Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and staff of TIL Computing and Language Center, Yangon, MYANMAR : http://www.tuninst.net , http://www.softguide.net.mm
Aux files: Mac-pre.htm , MD Scan.htm
Vol01:
TIL-p001.htm to
TIL-p044-1.htm - Mac01-indx.htm
Vol02:
TIL-p044-2.htm to
TIL-p060-2.htm - Mac02-indx.htm
Volume 0y: p060-3 to p237 - Mac0y-indx.htm
: need to split into groups of about 60 pages
Volume 0z: p238 to p384 - Mac0z-indx.htm
UKT notes :
• Base consonants
•
Comparison of Devanagari, IPA and Myanmar
vowels
The instrument of
combination is Romabama (Burmese-Myanmar
transcribed into extended-Latin script)
Note to digitizer/Devanagari transcriber :
you can copy and paste the following:
Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ō ō Ū ū
Ḍ ḍ Ḥ ḥ Ḷ ḷ
Ḹ ḹ Ṁ ṁ Ṃ ṃ
Ṅ ṅ Ñ ñ Ṇ ṇ Ṛ ṛ
Ṝ ṝ Ś ś Ṣ ṣ
Ṭ ṭ ɕ ʂ
• For Skt-Dev ः {wic~sa.} use "colon" :
• Root sign √ , Undertie ‿
• Fricatives : श ś [ɕ]
/ʃ/ ; ष ṣ [ʂ] /s/; स s [s] /θ/ ;
• IPA : ə ʌ ʊ ɑ ɹ ʔ ʧ ʤ
Romabama has its beginnings in
In his pre-teens
years he tried to write the Burmese language on his
father U Tun Pe's English typewriter. However,
Romabama was launched only in the late 1990s on
the Internet from Canada.
- UKT 110817, 111123
Note the following vowel-signs and their Bur-Myan correspondents with
{a.} acting as a filled-in consonant.
•
Mid vowels form what are known
as Dissimilar pairs
{a.þa.wûN} . There are two pairs: the front and the back.
¤ Front mid vowels: े (short), ै (long)
The front vowels are usually accompanied by lip-spreading.
They have to correspond to Bur-Myan registers
- the creak, the modal, and the emphatic
{é.},
{é},
{é:}, and
{è.},
{èý},
{è:}
[I am wondering if the open-mid be changed into the more logical :
{è.},
{è},
{è:}.]
¤ Back mid vowels: ो (short), ौ (long)
The back vowels are usually accompanied by lip-rounding. However, lip-spreading
is also very easily done, and there can be many possible pronunciations
corresponding to the degree of lip-rounding.
They have to correspond to Bur-Myan registers
{o.},
{o},
{o:}, and
{au.},
{au},
{au:}
Because of the Two-three tone problem (between IE and Tib-Bur languages), and
the multitude of possible degrees of lip rounding, the phonemes
{o} /o/
and {au:}
/ɑ/ got mixed up. Added to the problem is the common transcription language,
Eng-Lat - used by the Western phoneticians has two pronunciations for the
grapheme <u> as in <put> /pʊt/ and <but> /bʌt/ . Moreover, Eng-Lat lacks the
tenuis sounds, resulting in confusing
/k/ with
/kʰ/.
• Do not forget the cardinal vowels.
The members of each pair (short-long) are articulated in the same way differing
only in duration. They are known as the Similar pairs
{þa.wûN}.
¤ Front close vowels: ि (short) ी (long)
The front vowels are usually accompanied by lip-spreading.
They have to correspond to Bur-Myan registers
- the creak, the modal, and the emphatic
{i.},
{i},
{i:}
¤ Front open vowels: अ -- (short), आ ा (long)
They have to correspond to Bur-Myan
{a},
{a:}
{aa.},
¤ Back close vowels: ु (short) ू (long)
corresponding to Bur-Myan
{u.},
{u},
{u:}
¤ Back open vowels: ो (short), ौ (long)
corresponding to Bur-Myan
Unknown to most English speaking Bur-Myan (I was one of those formerly) is the fact that English language does not use the phoneme /a/. Thus in DJPD16, most of the common English words such as <father> and <fancy> are not transcribed with /a/ :
<father> /'fɑːðəʳ/ (US) /'fɑːðɚ/ (DJPD16-199: I have removed | for ease of recognition)
<fancy> /'fænt.si/ (DJPD16-198: I have removed | for ease of recognition)Note: When I pronounced <father> to my grand-sons (both born outside Myanmar and educated in Canada), they instantly said that was the British accent. And when I asked them to pronounce the Canadian way they came up using /a/.
End of TIL file