p063.htm
by A. A. Macdonell, 1893,
http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/MDScan/index.php?sfx=jpg
1929.
Nataraj ed., 1st in 2006, 2012
Edited, with additions from Pali sources, by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA) and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL) . Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and staff of TIL Research Station, Yangon, MYANMAR : http://www.tuninst.net , www.romabama.blogspot.com
MC-indx.htm |
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MCc1pp-indx.htm
{ka.ma.}
p063c1
{ka.mi.}
{kûm}
{ka.ya.}
{ka.ra.}
p063c2
{kar~ka.} : from
{kír~} (no viram shown). Note different form:
{kír}
(with visible viram)
p063c3
{kar~sa.}
- palatal
{kar~Na.}
{kar~ta.}
{ka.ra}
UKT 151230: List of words of entries with Repha.
p063.htm , p082.htm ,
UKT 160303: Two rhotic sounds not present in Bur-Myan,
1. Repha on short a , कर्क «karka» 'white, good'
What about "Lepha" ? : Lepha on short a , e.g. कल्क «kalka» 'wicked, sinful'
- p063.htm p082.htm p092.htm
2. Rhotic vowel-pair: formed from Skt-Dev highly rhotic vowel Skt-Dev pair ऋ {iRi.} (1 blk) & ॠ {iRi} (2 blk)
- p072.htm p085.htm p095.htm
----- on line downloaded for p062 on 171129 (continuation)
UKT notes :
• Kamboja : the land of Apsara
{dé-wic~hsa.ra}
• Polyandry and paternity in Ancient India
• Repha and Lepha - UKT151029: "Lepha" is my coined word.
• Shaivism & Aghori sect : Human skulls &
{auk-lûm:}
{ka.ma.}
p063c1-b01/ p051-048
• कमलिनी [ kamal-inî ]
- f. lotus plant; lotus bed, lotus pond: -kâ, f. dim. small bed or lake
of lotuses; -dala, n. lotus leaf (Pr.).
48)
p063c1-b02/ p051-047
• कमलेक्षण [ kamala‿îkshana ]
- a. lotus-eyed; -‿udaya, m. N.; -‿udbhava,
m. ep. of Brahman.
47)
{ka.mi.}
p063c1-b03/ p051-046
• कमि [ kam-i ]
- the root kam (gr.).
46)
{kûm}
p063c1-b04/ not online
• [ kamp ], I. Â. (P.)
-- kámpa, tremble; cs. kampaya ,
cause to tremble, shake. anu ,
sympathise wtih (ac., lc.); cs. id.
samanu , id., â , quiver; cs. cause to tremble; pp. agitated.
ud , tremble. vi, tremble, quiver; cs. cause to tremble;
agitate.
p063c1-b05/ p051-079
• कम्प [ kamp-a ]
- m. tremor, quivering; earth quake; quavered svarita accent; -ana,
a.
trembling; shaking; agitating; m. N. of a country; n. shaking, waving;
a-vat, a.
trembling; -ita, (pp.) trembling; shaken; n. tremor; -in,
a. trembling; --°,
shaking.
79)
p063c1-b06/ p051-078
• कम्पोत्तर [ kampa‿uttara ]
- a. trembling violently.
78)
p063c1-b07/ p051-077
• कम्बल [ kambalá ]
- m. (n.) woollen cloth, cover, or garment; -‿îsvara-grâma,
m. N. of a
village.
77)
p063c1-b08/ p051-076
• कम्बु [ kambu ]
- m. shell; bracelet of shells; -ka, n. N. of a town; -kantha,
a. (î)
having a shell-like neck, i.e. with three folds; -grî va, m. N. of a tortoise.
76)
p063c1-b09/ not online
• कम्बोज [kamboga]
-- m. pl. N. of a people.
See my note on Kamboja
{kûm~Bau:za.}
p063c1-b10/ p051-075
• कम्र [ kam-ra ]
- a. charming, beautiful.
75)
( end of old p063-1.htm )
{ka.ya.}
p063c1-b11/ not online
• कयासुभीय
[kayâ-subh-îya]
- n. RV.I.165
Skt: कयासुभीय
[kayâ-subh-îya] - n. RV.I.165 - Mac063c1
Skt: कयाशुभीय
«kayāśubhīya» - n.
hymn - SpkSkt
UKT: In the Analysis of RV 1.165 : University of Human Unity
http://www.universityofhumanunity.org/biblios/RV%201.165%20to%20Indra%20and%20Maruts.pdf
you can see कया «káyā» (disyllabic) but not the monosyllabic medials{kya.} &
{kya}.
{ka.ra.}
p063c1-b12/ p051-074
• कर [ ¹. kar-á ]
- a. (î, rarely â) doing, making; causing, producing (generally --°);
m. hand; elephant's trunk.
74)
p063c1-b13/ p051-073
• कर [ ². kar-a ]
- m. ray; duty, tax.
73)
p063c1-b14/ p051-072
• करक [ kara-ka ]
- m. water-pot; a tree.
72)
p063c1-b15/ p051-071
• करका [ kara-kâ ]
- f. hail: -‿abhighâta, m. hail stroke.
71)
p063c1-b16/ p051-070
• करकिसलय [ kara-kisalaya ]
- n. (hand-sprout), finger; -graha, m., -na, n. taking by the hand,
wedding.
70)
Orphan / p.051-069
• करनिवेशित [ kara-nivesita ]
- pp. rendered tributary.
69)
p063c1-b17/ p051-068
• करङ्क [ karaṅka ]
- m. skull.
68)
p063c1-b18/ p051-067
• करज [ kara-ga ]
- m. finger-nail.
67)
p063c1-b19/ not online
• [kárañga ]
- m. a tree
p063c1-b20/ p051-066
• करट [ karat-a ]
- m. elephant's temple; crow: -ka, m. crow (Pr.); N. of a jackal;
-in, m.
elephant.
66)
p063c1-b21/ p051-062
• करण [ kár-ana ]
- a. (î) making, producing, performing (--°); m. a certain mixed
caste; tune; word (gr.); n. making, doing; performing; producing; action; deed;
rite; business; organ of sense; body; instrument; legal document or evidence;
notion of the instrumental case (gr.): -tâ, f., -tva,
n. instrumentality (gr.):
-rûpa, a. having the form of an instrument (ph.); î-ya,
fp. to be done; n.
business.
62)
p063c1-b22/ p051-061
• करण्ड [ karanda ]
- n. basket; little box of wicker work; -ka, n., i-kâ,
f. id.
61)
p063c1-b23/ p051-095
• करतल [ kara-tala ]
- n. palm of the hand: -gata, pp. held in the hand, -tâla, clapping of
the hands; -da, a. paying taxes, tributary; subordinate; -dhrita-sara,
a.
holding an arrow in his hand; -pattra, n. saw; -pallava, m. finger;
-pâda-danta,
m. hand, foot, or tooth; -pâla, m. receiver-general of taxes;
-putî, f. hollowed
hand; -prâpta, pp. held in the hand; -badara, n. jujube berry in the
hand = perfectly obvious matter; -bha, m. elephant's trunk; camel; young elephant
or camel;
hand between wrist and fingers: -ka, m. N. of a messenger; -bhûshana,
n.
bracelet; -bha‿urû, a. f. having thighs like an elephant's trunk.
95)
© करतल [ kara-tala ]
Skt: करतल [ kara-tala ]
- n. palm of the hand: - Mac063c1
Skt: करतल «karatala» - m. palm - SpkSkt
alt spelling: तल «tala» - m.n. palm - SpkSkt
UKT 170821: "Cheiro" - the professional name of the 19th century Irish palmist and occultist William John Warner (1866 - 1936), is obviously related to the Skt-Dev करतल «karatala».
See, The Language of the Hand - by Cheiro, first pub. 1894. See downloaded book in TIL HD-PDF and SD-PDF libraries from Forgotten Books
- Cheiro-LanguageOfHand<Ô> / Bkp<Ô> (link chk 171204)UKT 170821: Pix: Left-palm of 44th US President Barrack Hussein Obama on 2016Nov02 during campaigning. The major lines and shapes of hand and fingers are clearly visible for a prediction by a top palmist.
p063c2-b01/ p051-094
• करम्भ
[ karambhá ]
= क र म ् भ
- m. pap, porridge; -ka, n. id.; m. N.;
-bâlukâ-tâpa, m. pl. porridge of
scorching sand (a torment of hell).
94)
p063c2-b02/ p051-093
• कररुह [ kara-ruha ]
- m. finger-nail; -vîra, n. fragrant oleander.
93)
p063c2-b03/ p051-092
• करस्् [ kár-as ]
- n. deed.
92)
p063c2-b04/ p051-091
• करस्थ [ kara-stha ]
- a. lying in the hand; î-kri, place in the hand.
91)
p063c2-b05/ p051-090
• करस्न [ kará-sna ]
- m. fore-arm.
90)
{ka.ra}
p063c2-b06/ p051-089
• कराग्र [ kara‿agra ]
- n. tip of finger or ray; -‿âghâta, m. blow of the hand;
-‿aṅguli,
f. finger of the hand.
89)
p063c2-b07/ p051-088
• करायिका [ karâyikâ ]
- f. kind of crane.
88)
p063c2-b08/ p051-087
• कराल [ karâla ]
- a. prominent; gaping; formidable; m. N. of a locality; â,
f. ep. of Durgâ; N.; -kesara, m. N. of a lion; -tâ,
f. gaping condition; formidableness.
87)
p063c2-b09/ p051-086
• करालम्ब [ kara‿âlamba ]
- m. support for the hand = sheet anchor.
86)
p063c2-b10/ p051-085
• करालवदन [ karâla-vadana ]
- a. having a gaping or formidable mouth.
85)
p063c2-b11/ not online
• [karâlâ-ya]
- â. become formidable
p063c2-b12/ p051-084
• करालित [ karâl-ita ]
- pp. make formidable; increased.
84)
p063c2-b13/ p051-083
• कराहति [ kara‿âhati ]
- f. blow with the hand.
83)
p063c2-b14/ not online
• करिक [kari-ka ]
- -° = karin, m. elephant; -kumbha-pîta , n.
elephant's frontal bone
p063c2-b15/ p051-111
• करिन्् [ kar-in ]
- a. making, fashioning; m. elephant; (n) î, f. female elephant.
111)
p063c2-b16/ p051-124
• करिष्णु [ kar-ishnu ]
- a. doing, performing (--°); -ishyat, ft. pt. future.
124)
p063c2-b17/ not online
• [karishya[h] ]
- 2 sg. ft. subj. √kri , RV. I. 165, 9
UKT 171205: See https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Rig_Veda/Mandala_1/Hymn_165 171205
"1. WITH what bright beauty are the Maruts jointly invested, peers in age, who dwell together?
From what place have they come? With what intention? Sing they their strength through love of wealth, these Heroes? ..." See also p063c1-b11 above
p063c2-b18/ not online
• [karî-kri]
- bring as a tribute
p063c2-b19/ p051-082
• करीर [ karîra ]
- m. n. shoot of a bamboo; m. a leafless plant; n. its fruit.
82)
p063c2-b20/ p051-081
• करीष [ kárîsha ]
- n. refuse, (dry) cow-dung.
81)
p063c2-b21/ p051-080
• करुण [ karúna ]
- a. doleful, pitiable: -m, ad.; m. a plant; â, f. pity, compassion;
-dhvani,
m. wail; -vedi-tâ, f. compassionate disposition.
80)
p063c2-b22/ p051-110
• करेणु [ karenu ]
- m. f. elephant: -kâ, f. female elephant.
110)
p063c2-b23/ p051-109
• करोटि [ karoti ]
- f. basin, bowl; skull: -ka, (--°, a.) skull, head.
109)
UKT 140216: Certain Hindu sadhus use the human skull as a bowl from which to take their food and drink. See my note on Shaivism & Aghori sect
p063c2-b24/ not online
• [karoti ]
- 3 sg. pr. of √kri , do; -karman , a. having as an action = verb of
making
( end of old p063-2.htm )
{kar~ka.} : Repha on short a
UKT 120124, 170205 : When the phoneme occurs at the end of a word, the
{kar} form is satisfactory. But when it occurs in the middle of a word, it has to be put in a repha-form similar to the Kin'si-form
{kír~}, e.g.
{kar~ka.} . See below :
• कङ्क kanka :
{kín~ka.}
Skt: कङ्क kanka - m. heron; N.: pl. a people. - Mac061
Pal:{kín~ka.} -
- UHS-PMD0276
The repha-form will be depicted in Romabama as
{kar~} .
UKT 151028: Ref. Romabama Rule #07 in Romabama: introduction
- RBM-intro-indx.htm (link chk 170204)
"Sanskrit repha becomes a same-letter conjunct in Pali, e.g. धर्म dharma (= ध र ् म ) becoming धम्म dhamma (= ध म ् म). This change will be represented as{Dar~ma.} -->
{Dûm~ma.} . However,
{r~} in the middle of a polysyllable is not conveniently shown, because of which Romabama has to use the {kín~si:}-form:
{Dar~ma.}".
Skt: कर्क «karka» -->
{kar~ka.} = Pal:
{kak~ka.}
p063c2-b25/ p051-108
• कर्क [ karka ]
Skt: कर्क [ karka ]
- a. (î) white; m. white horse;
â, f. -- Mac063c2
108)
Skt: कर्क «karka» -
adj. white, good, excellent. f. white
mare. m. beauty, white horse, ...
- SpkSkt
Pal:
{kak~ka.} - UHS PMD0275
UKT from UHS: ¹. m. face powder.
². m. a special yellow gem
UKT151029: If you refer to the BEPS vowel diagram shown in my note below on Repha and Lepha , you can expect a word with just the opposite meaning, कल्क «kalka». See p064.htm
• कल्क [ kalka ]
Skt: कल्क [ kalka ] - m. paste; foulness, baseness, guile, sin. - Mac064c3
Skt: कल्क «kalka» - adj. wicked, sinful. m. ordure, hypocrisy, ... - SpkSkt
p063c2-b26/ p051-107
• कर्कट
[ kar-kat-a ]
- m., î, f. crab; curved
end of the beam of a balance; î,
f. drinking bowl: -ka,
m., î, f. crab; Cancer (in the Zodiac); -sriṅga,
n. crab's claw; i-kâ, f. a plant; a‿îsa, m. N. of a temple.
107)
p063c2-b27/ p051-106
• कर्कन्धु [ karkándhu ]
Skt: कर्कन्धु
karkándhu]
- m. f. jujube
tree; n. its fruit. -- Mac063c2
106)
Pal:
{kak~kûn~Du.}
- -
UHS-PMD0275
UKT from UHS: mf.
{zi:pín} Zezyphus jujuba
UKT 140217:
{zi:pín} /zi pɪŋ/ is the colloquial name for the official
{hsi:pín} /sʰi pɪŋ/.
p063c2-b28/ p051-105
• कर्कर [ kar-kar-a ]
- a. hard; m. leather strap (?); -í or -&isharp;, f. kind of lute;
-î, f.
water-jar.
105)
p063c2-b29
• कर्करेटु [ karkaretu ]
- m. Numidian crane.
104)
UKT 170205: - a small crane (Anthropoides virgo) of Africa, Asia, and Europe
- http://www.memidex.com/numidian-crane 170205
See also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demoiselle_crane 170205
"It is the smallest species of crane."
p063c2-b30
• कर्कश [ karkasa ]
- a. rough, hard (also fig.): -tva, n. hardness; harshness.
103)
p063c2-b31
• कर्कि karki, ˚न्् [ -n ]
- m. Cancer (in the Zodiac).
102)
p063c2-b32
• कर्कोट [ karkota ]
- m. pl. N. of a people; -ká, m. N. of a snake; a plant; pl. N. of a
people.
101)
{kar~sa.}
- palatal
p063c3-b00/ p051-100
• कर्चूर [ karkûra ]
- n. orpiment.
100)
UKT 170205: a poisonous yellow mineral pigment As2S3 (Asenious sulphide). It takes its name from the Latin auripigmentum (aurum − gold + pigmentum − pigment) because of its deep-yellow color. See Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orpiment 170205
UKT 170205: As a side note I should remark: notice the change of <aur> in Latin to <or> in English. It is a back vowel change of being very open /ɑ/ in Latin becoming more close /ɔ/ in English . This in Romabama approximates to :
{au} /ɑ/ -->
{AU} middle of /ɔ/ & /o/
It shows that I must eventually learn Roman-Latin, constantly comparing my Bur-Myan transcription with that of Mon-Myan.
{kar~Na.}
p063c3-b01/ p051-099
• कर्ण [ kárna ]
- m. (--° a., f. â, î) ear; handle; rudder; N. of several men, esp.
of a son of Kuntî; a. having ears or handles; long-eared (also á);
-kuvalaya, n. lotus attached to
the ear; -kâmara, n. whisk adorning the ears of elephants; -gâpa,
m.
tale-bearing; -tâ, f. condition of an ear; -tâla, m. flapping of elephants' ears
(--°); -dhâra, m. helmsman; sailor: -tâ, f. helmsmanship;
-
nîlotpala, n. blue lotus attached to the ear; -pa, m. N.;
-pattraka, m. flap of
the ear (tragus); -
patha, m. ear-shot, hearing: -m, â-yâ, or upa‿i, come to the ears:
-‿atithi,
m. = come to the ears; -paramparâ, f. passing from ear to ear, gossip;
- pâsa, m.
beautiful ear; -pûra, m. n. ear ornament, esp. flowers:
-pûraka, m. N. of a chattering servant; -pûrî-kri, turn
into an ear
ornament; -bhaṅga, m. curve of the ears; - bhûshana,
n. ear ornament; -mûla,
n. root of the ear (where it is attached to the head); -vamsa, m. flat
projecting bamboo roof; -vat, a. having ears; -vish, f. ear-wax;
-visha, n.
poison for the ears; -veshta, m. ear-ring: *-na, n. id.;
-sirîsha, n.
Sirîsha flower attached to the ear; -srava, a. audible; -subhaga,
a. pleasant
to the ear.
99)
© कर्ण karna
= क र ् ण -->
{kar~Na.}
Skt: - m. (--° a., f. â, î) ear; handle; rudder
[UKT: helm to steer a ship, or guide a person,
a society, a movement, etc.];
N. of several men, esp. of a son of Kuntî;
-- Mac063-c3
Pal:
{kûN~Na.}
- - UHS-PMD028
UKT from UHS: m. ear, ear-lobe, edge, corner
p063c3-b02/ p051-126
• कर्णाञ्जलि [ karna‿añgali ]
- m. pointed ears.
126)
p063c3-b03/ p051-125
• कर्णाट [ karnâta ]
- m. pl. N. of a people; î, f. queen of Karnâta.
125)
p063c3-b04/ p051-098
• कर्णान्तिकचर [ karna‿antika-kara ]
- a. flying about the ears; -‿âbharana, n. ear ornament;
-‿amrita, n.
nectar for the ears; *-‿alamkarana, n., -kâra, m.,
-kriti, f. ear ornament;
-‿avatamsa, id.: î-kri,
turn into an ear ornament.
98)
p063c3-b05/ p051-097
• कर्णिका
[ karn-ikâ ]
- f. ear ornament; pericarp of
the lotus.
97)
per·i·carp - n. ¹. Botany The wall of a ripened ovary; fruit wall. -- AHTD
See my note on Sacred Lotus
p063c3-b06/ not online
• [karni-kâra]
- m. a tree; n. its fruit
p063c3-b07/ p051-096
• कर्णिन्् [ karn-ín ]
- a. having ears; barbed; m. helmsman.
96)
p063c3-b08/ p051-123
• कर्णीरथ [ karnî-ratha ]
- m. kind of litter; -suta, m. ep. of the author of a manual on stealing.
123)
lit·ter - n. 4. An enclosed or curtained couch mounted on shafts and used to carry a single passenger.
p063c3-b09/ p051-122
• कर्णोत्पल [ karna‿utpala ]
- n. lotus attached to the ear (-tâ, f. abst. ɴ.); m. N. of a king;
-‿upakarnikâ, f.
gossip.
122)
{kar~ta.}
p063c3-b10/ p051-121
• कर्त [ ¹. karta ]
- m. separation, distinction.
121)
p063c3-b11/ p051-120
• कर्त [ ². kartá ]
- m. hole, pit ( = garta).
120)
p063c3-b12/ p051-119
• कर्तन [ kart-ana ]
- n. cutting off; -ari, -kâ, f. cutting instrument, scissors;
-arî, f.
id.
119)
p063c3-b13/ p051-118
• कर्तवे [ kár-tave ]
- V. d. inf. of √kri: -távya (or ã), fp. to be done, &c. (v. √kri);
n. affair,
business; what should be done, duty: -tâ, f. duty.
118)
p063c3-b14/ p051-117
• कर्तुमनस्् [ kartu-manas ]
- a. intending to do.
117)
p063c3-b15/ not online
• [kar-trí ]
- m. doer, maker; worker; performer; founder; creator; author (of, g., -°);
agent, (logical) subject (may be in nm. in. ic. ps.; or g. w. vbl. ɴ.);
used as ft. of √kri ; -ka , -° = kartri ,
agent; -tâ , f. being an agent of an action (gr.), -tva
, n. agency; -bhûta , pp. being the agent (gr.) ;
-rûpa , a. having the form of an agent
• कर्तृ «kartṛ» - adj. one who acts in a religious ceremony, maker, priest, agent, doing any particular action or business, applying one's self to any occupation, one who makes or does or acts or effects. m. subject of a sentence, doer, one who is about to do, creator of the world, author, one who will do, agent of an action. - SpkSkt
p063c3-b16/ p051-116
• कर्तोस्् [ kar-tos ]
- V. (g.) inf. of √kri, do.
116)
p063c3-b17/ p051-115
• कर्त्तव्य [ kart-tavya ]
- fp. to be destroyed.
115)
p063c3-b18/ not online
• [kart-tri ]
- m. ¹. destroyer; ². spinner
p063c3-b19/ p051-114
• कर्त्तृका [ kart-tri-kâ ]
- f. hunter's knife.
114)
p063c3-b20/ p051-113
• कर्त्य [ kart-ya ]
- fp. to be cut off.
113)
p063c3-b21/ p051-112
• कर्त्व [ kár-tva ]
- a. to be done or performed; n. task.
112)
( end of old p063-3.htm )
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UKT 171203: remnants from Page 51 had been transferred to this page. Every one has been entered in their respective entries above.
- UKT 120725, 140216, 170202
The name
{kûm~Bau:za.} is well known to most Bur-Myan.
There are two contenders to this name and
place, one in India, and one in SE Asia.
UKT 170202: From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajanapada#Kamboja 170202
" ... Ancient Kamboja is known to have comprised regions on either side of the Hindukush. The original Kamboja was located in eastern Oxus country as neighbor to Bahlika, but with time, some clans of the Kambojas appear to have crossed the Hindukush and planted colonies on its southern side also. ... The cis-Hindukush [south] region from Nurestan up to Rajauri in southwest of Kashmir sharing borders with the Daradas and the Gandharas constituted the Kamboja country. [31]... The Kamboja Mahajanapada of the Buddhist traditions refers to this cis-Hindukush branch of ancient Kambojas. [32] ... The trans-Hindukush [north] region including the Pamirs and Badakhshan which shared borders with the Bahlikas (Bactria) in the west and the Lohas and Rishikas of Sogdiana/ Fergana in the north, constituted the Parama-Kamboja country. [33] ..."
UKT 170202: Since Mekong River has its source in the highlands of Tibet, the northern-Kamboja tribes could have spread into Cambodia.
It is worthwhile to note that since the
religionists have been guilty of rewriting
the original legends to suit their own
purposes, we cannot rely on what they call
their "ancient literatures" and
also on their inscriptions. I am relying
on the words found in the modern languages
such as Bur-Myan & Eng-Latin, and
ancient (dead) languages Pal-Myan &
Skt-Dev. There are a few words I would
like to concentrate on at the present:
¤ Kshatriya
{hkût~ti.ya.} - the warrior class who are
the rulers of the land.
- See UTM-PDD-027
¤ Apsara
{dé-wic~hsa.ra} - the female celestial
dancer at the court of
Indra the déva-king. They
belong to the 'race' of
{gûn~Dûb~ba.}
- See UTM-PDD-105
¤ Gandava
{gûn~Dûb~ba.} - the celestial musicians
at Indra's court.
- See UTM-PMD-041
I still have to go into more, but for
the present see:
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kambojas 120725
The Kambojas
कम्बोज, «kamboja»
{kûm~Bau:za.} ; Persian:
کمبوہ ,
Kambūh) were a kshatriya tribe
of Iron Age India, frequently mentioned in
Sanskrit and Pali literature. Modern
scholars conclude that the Kambojas were an
Avestan speaking Eastern Iranian tribe
at the boundary of the Indo-Aryans and the
Iranians, and appear to have moved from
the Iranian into the Indo-Aryan sphere
over time.
The Kambojas migrated into India during the Indo-Scythian invasion from the 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE. Their descendants controlled various principalities in Medieval India.
UKT: More in the above Wikipedia article. The question now remains: are Indian Kamboja and South-east Asian Cambodia related? My answer is Yes!
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Cambodia 120725
The name of Cambodia, in Khmer "Kampuchea" (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា Preăh Réachéa Nachâk Kâmpŭchea), derives from Sanskrit Kambujadeśa (कम्बोजदेश; "land of Kambuja"). It is not unique to the modern kingdom of Cambodia: the same name (i.e. Kamboja/Kambuja) is also found in Burmese and Thai chronicles referring to regions within those kingdoms. [UKT¶ ]
UKT: Does the last statement mean that
{kûn-Bau:za.} was within Burma/Myanmar? I need to check with my historian friends. -- UKT120725
In the Indian chronicles the Kambuja
{kûn-Bau:za.} were a barbarian (in the
sense of non-Indian) people in the area
of modern Afghanistan. "The
application to Southeast Asia
has no ethnic content and does not imply
any migration of peoples from the original
Kambuja; the most likely explanation is
that, when Indian traders and Brahmins
came into contact with local populations
some two thousand years ago, they gave
them the names of regions which, in their
view, were similarly marginal and remote:
the peoples of Southeast Asia, like the
barbarian Kamboja, had no castes,
did not observe proper food prohibitions
and had different rules for marriage."
[1] [UKT¶ ]
UKT 120725, 140216, 170202:
We, of the modern age have a very low opinion of the caste system of the Brahmin-Poanna{braah~ma.Na. poaN~Na:} religion. They consider, any people without the caste system to be "barbarians".
Since the religion and subsequently the customs of a people can change the above reference to caste, food prohibitions, and marriage rules is without relevance. No one would take the custom of performing Ramayana dances in South-east Asia to be an indication of the Brahmins originating from Cambodia.
An origin-myth recorded in the
Baksei Chamkrong inscription, dated
AD 947, derives Kambuja from
Svayambhuva Kambu, a legendary
Indian sage who reached the Indochina
peninsula and married a naga
{na.ga:}-princess named Mera, thus uniting
the Indian and local races. In this story
Kambuja derives from Kambu+ja, and
means "descendants of Kambu."
[2]
From: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baksei_Chamkrong 140216
Baksei Chamkrong (Khmer: ប្រាសាទបក្សីចាំក្រុង) is a small Hindu temple located in the Angkor complex (Siem Reap, Cambodia). It is dedicated to Lord Shiva and used to hold a golden image of him. The temple can be seen on the left side when entering Angkor Thom at the southern gate. It was dedicated to Yasovarman by his son, King Harshavarman I. The temple was completed by Rajendravarman II (944-968). [1]
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article.
Go back Kamboja-note-b
-- UKT 120124, 140216 : It is still an incomplete article
After going through Mahabharata, I have
concluded that identifying a person with
the father's name is not reliable: the
natural (or genetic father) can be anyone
other than the 'official' father. Thus,
Queen Kunti's six sons, Karna, and the
five Pandavas have different gods as
fathers, who because of Kunti's mantra,
had to 'impregnate' her. King Pandu the
official father of the five Pandavas was
not the natural father of any of his
'sons'. This reminds one of the Christian
Virgin Mary and her immaculate conception.
From: Bheel Mahabharata: Kunti and the Birth of the Sun God's Child
by Satya Chaitanya, http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=1190 140216
"The tribal Bheels have a Mahabharata version of their own, episodes of which are narrated or sung during their festivals, usually accompanied by music and sometimes with dance – a captivating version that never fails to thrill, one of the secrets of its allure being its truly enchanting folktale-like quality. This article tries to understand an episode from it, on its own and in relation to Vyasa’s epic. "
UKT 140216 : The Bheels were a militarily defeated people of Ancient India, and they are counted as Sudras 'the servants". They were the original Tib-Bur speakers of Ancient India.
Kunti's first son was Karna कर्ण «karna»
{kar~Na.} 'ear'. His father - the one who
impregnate his mother - was the
Sun-god.
Skt: कर्ण karna = क र ् ण -->
{kar~Na.}
Pal:{kûN~Na.}
-- UHS-PMD028
UKT from UHS: m. ear, ear-lobe, border, angle
From this and other examples we can reliably say:
"Sanskrit repha is changed into a conjunct of two syllables in Pali.
"The onset of the second syllable has the same form as the consonant under the repha.
"The coda of the first syllable, which was the repha, is the same as the onset of the second syllable."
This rule holds true for the {wag}-consonants. But for the {a.wag}-consonants, the rule breaks down. -- UKT120724
Go back Polyandry-paternity-note-b
UKT 151029, 171210:
UKT 151029: In transliterating words like • कल्क [ kalka ] which we will meet on page p064.htm, I have to keep in mind the presence of highly rhotic vowel, ऋ {iRi.}. This vowel is not present in Bur-Myan, and probably also in Pal-Myan.
Its opposite number on the lateral-rhotic scale* is the highly lateral vowel, ऌ {iLi.}. It is almost absent in Skt-Dev. If there had been an original language from which Asokan and Myanmar akshara are derived, to have a balance in vowels, there would have been words with ऌ {iLi.}.
Lateral-Rhotic scale* : Rāhula
{ra-hu.la.} is the form of the name we are accustomed to. I had never imagine that Lāghula
{la-Gu.la.} is another form. Now I can cite this as evidence for pronunciations of Lateral (L-like) plane changing into those of Rhotic (R-like) plane.
Here we are not talking about ऋ {iRi.}, but the lesser rhotic Repha. Since it is a fact that there are a few words with ऌ {iLi.} in Skt-Dev, then there must be lesser lateral Lepha. Remember Lepha is my coined word which I will use in my transliteration work. Because of opposing pronunciation, we can expect opposing meanings, e.g. Repha on short a , कर्क «karka» 'white, good' , opposite of Lepha on short a , कल्क «kalka» 'wicked, sinful'
I suspect Repha has come into our languages because of the IE speakers who are used to rhotic accents. Then the question which follows is the influence of speakers like the Chinese, who are used to lateral accents.
In Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Grammar and
Dictionary by Franklin Edgerton (1885-1963),
Yale Univ., Sec.1.22, we find
"Lāghula
= Rāhula
(fn003-09); l for
r does indeed agree with
Māgadhī, ...". He was
referring to
• Ambalatthika-rahulovada Sutta (Instructions
to Rahula at Mango Stone).
-
BHS-indx.htm >
i02original.htm (link chk 151029).
Also, it is a common joke in North America on the Chinese who are recent immigrants from China. In their eateries, "fried rice" becomes "flied lice". If the Indians from India has given us the Repha, then the Chinese from China should have give us "Lepha". I need to consider it how to transliterate words like • कल्क [ kalka ] which we will meet page p064.
Go back Repha-Lepha-note-b
UKT 170205:
There are two well-known types of aquatic
flowers known as
{kra pûn:}. One opens in day-time and
the other at night. They can comes in
colours of red, blue, and white.
See Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphaeaceae
170205
From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera 170205
Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. the national flower of India and Vietnam, is considered to be a sacred flower. The lotus plant is cited extensively within Védic and Puranic literature, e.g.:
One who performs his duty without attachment, surrendering the results unto the Supreme Lord, is unaffected by sinful action, as the lotus is untouched by water. - Bhagavad Gita 5.10:
In Chinese culture, Confusian scholar Zhou Dunyi wrote:
I love the lotus because while growing from mud, it is unstained.
Chinese: 予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染。 [12]
Many deities of Asian religions are depicted as seated on a lotus flower. In Buddhist symbolism, the lotus represents purity of the body, speech, and mind as if floating above the muddy waters of attachment and desire.
From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Sutra 170205
The Lotus Sūtra «saddharma puṇḍarīka sūtra», literally Sutra on the White Lotus of the Sublime Dharma [1]) is one of the most popular and influential Mahayana sutras, and the basis on which the Tiantai, Tendai, Cheontae, and Nichiren schools of Buddhism were established. For many East Asian Buddhists, the Lotus Sūtra contains the ultimate and complete teaching of the Buddha and the recitation of the text is understood to bring auspicious fortune and eradicate ones accumulated negative karma. [2]
UKT: The lotus flower is associated with the seats of energy in the human body.
From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakra 170205
The word Chakra (चक्र) derives from the Sanskrit word meaning "wheel," as well as "circle" and "cycle". [2] It's described by many as a spinning wheel of light . Of the 88,000 chakras within the human body, seven are considered of principle importance and are referred to as the "major chakras". [1]
M. N. Roy's review of tantric history says that the word chakra is used to mean several different things in the Sanskrit sources: [3]
1. "Circle," used in a variety of senses, symbolising endless rotation of shakti.
2. A circle of people. In rituals, there are different cakrasādhanās in which adherents assemble and perform rites. According to the Niruttaratantra, chakras in the sense of assemblies are of 5 types.
3. The term chakra is also used to denote Yantras
{ ín: } 'mystic diagrams', variously known as trikoṇa-cakra , aṣṭakoṇa-cakra , etc.
4. Different nerve plexuses within the body.
In Buddhism, the Sanskrit term cakra (Pali «cakka») is used in a different sense of "circle," referring to the conception of rebirth consisting of six states in which beings may be reborn. [4]
Go back sacred-lotus-note-b
- UKT 140216, 170203
Shaivism, particularly the Aghori sect,
because of its association with
human-skulls might be called the
Left-Hand Path or
{auk-lûm:} in Bur-Myan. Shiva's principal
consort is Kali-Devi who is iconically
depicted with jet-black skin, a
hanging-tongue, and wearing a garland of
human skulls. She is sometimes shown
dancing naked over equally naked but dead
Shiva.
The extremely "erotic" icon (in photograph) I have seen was naked Kali with the penis of naked but dead Shiva in her vagina. The pix given on the right were far from being erotic - it was supposed to show the female-energy being filled into the dead male to produce a perfect union of male-female elements.
It is said that Kali-Shiva union is the equivalent of Isis-Osiris union of ancient Egypt, Yin-Yan of flag of Korea, the two-triangles in the Star of David.
Whatever the case maybe, I do not view
the Left-Hand Path as evil: it is one of
the two methods to uplift the suffering
humanity from its miseries. However, the
non-axiomatic Theravada Buddhism would
have none of it, but tolerates the
Right-Hand or
{a.hkak-lûm:}
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaivism 140216
Shaivism or Saivism
शैव पंथ,
«śaiva paṁtha» ; lit.
"associated with Shiva"), is one
of the four most widely followed sects of
Hinduism, which reveres the god Shiva as
the Supreme Being. Followers of Shaivam,
called "Shaivas," and also
"Saivas" or "Shaivites,"
believe that Shiva is All and in all, the
creator, preserver, destroyer, revealer and
concealer of all that is. Shaivism is
widespread throughout India, Nepal and
Sri Lanka. Areas notable for the practice
of Shaivism include parts of Southeast Asia,
especially Malaysia, Singapore, and
Indonesia.
Saivism is the Hindu sect that worships
the god Shiva. Shiva is sometimes depicted
as the fierce god Bhairava
भैरव (aks-to-aks
{Bè:ra.wa.}).
Wikipedia on:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhairava 140313, states:
"He is one of the most important deities in Nepal, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand, who originated in Hindu mythology and is sacred to Hindus, Buddhists and Jains alike."
UKT 140313, 170203: Bur-Myan elders (monks, nuns, and religious-minded laymen and women) must make an all out effort to clarify the above view on Buddhism. Bur-Myan Theravada Buddhism has nothing to do with Bhairava भैरव (aks-to-aks
{Bè:ra.wa.}). Though I have come to know a prominent Mon-Myan family which have become Hindu, Hinduism as a religion has not taken a firm foothold in Myanmarpré since the Pagan period. Even then some Hindu deities have been found in iconography, e.g. Sandi Dévi. Because of the Déwi has a Chinthé 'lion' as a mount, I suspect the icon has been derived from the Bengali goddess Durga.
Saivists are more attracted to asceticism than adherents of other Hindu sects, and may be found wandering India with ashen faces performing self-purification rituals. [1] [2] [3] They worship in the temple and practice yoga, striving to be one with Siva within. [4]
UKT: More in Wikipedia article.
From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghori 140216
The Aghori अघोर «aghōra» charnel, [2] are ascetic Shaiva sadhus.
The Aghori are known to engage in post-mortem rituals. They often dwell in charnel grounds [cemetery] , have been witnessed smearing cremation ashes on their bodies, and have been known to use bones from human corpses for crafting skull bowls (which Shiva and other Hindu deities are often iconically depicted holding or using) and jewelry. Due to their practices that are contradictory to orthodox Hinduism, they are generally opposed. [3] [4]
Many Aghori gurus command great reverence from rural populations as they are supposed to possess healing powers gained through their intensely eremitic [ a religious recluse ] rites and practices of renunciation and tápasya. They are also known to meditate and perform worship in haunted houses.
UKT: More in the Wikipedia article.
Go back Shaivism-Aghori-note-b
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