tx08interjection.htm
by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) and staff of TIL (Tun Institute of Learning,
http://www.tuninst.net ). Start: 2007 July
Based on:
• Myanmar Thuddar {mran-ma thad~da}, Volume 1, Module 1,
by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC),
Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) .
Date of publication: around 1986
• Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July.
BG4M-indx |Top
Contents of this page
08. a-mé-ðait <Interjection>
08. lé.kying.hkan: Exercise
08.01. wa-kya. <Sentence>
08.01. lé.kying.hkan: Exercise
08.02. poad-hprat poad-rap thïn~ké-ta. mya: <Punctuation>
Word index - not given in this version.
MLC states
htait-lan. hkring: / wam:tha hkring: / än.AU: hkring: sa.thæÑ.
tis-soän-tis-hku. thau: a.kraung: kraung. pring:pring:htan-htan
sait-lhoap-rha: ka nhoat-mha. roat-ta-rak htwak-pau la thau:
a.thän ko a-mé-ðait <interjection> hu. hkau thæÑ//
• a-mé-ðait /[a mei dei']/ - n. Gramm. exclamation; interjection. -- MEDict605
• interjection n. 2. Abbr. interj. int. A part of speech usually expressing emotion and capable of standing alone, such as Ugh! or Wow! -- AHTD
Examples:
1. "a.mèý-lé:"
2. "a.mèý-lé: ____ mrwé-kri: / mrwé-kri:"
3. "mi: ____ mi:"
4. "thu-hko: ____ thu-hko:"
5. "thu-hko: ____ thu-hko: / leik-ha. ____ leik-ha."
hto a.thän to. thæÑ htait-lan. krauk-rwän. thau:kraung. nhoat-mha. roat-ta.rak hkwak-pau la-thæÑ. a-mé-ðait mya: hpris-kra.thæÑ//
Examples:
6. "a: ____"
7. "a: ____ thé pa pri"
8. "hkwé:ru: ____ hkwé:ru:"
hto a.thän to. thæÑ Bé: an~ta.rÈý tis-hku.hku. ko kroän-twé. ra.tha.hpring. nhoat-mha. roat-ta.rak htwak-pau la-thæÑ. a-mé-ðait mya: hpris-kra.thæÑ//
mhat-ran// // htait-lan. hkring: / wam:tha hkring: / än.AU: hkring: sa.thæÑ. tis-soän-tis-hku. thau: a.kraung: kraung. pring:pring:htan-htan sait-lhoap-rha: ka nhoat-mha. roat-ta-rak htwak-pau la thau: a.thän ko a-mé-ðait hu. hkau thæÑ//
1. a-mé-ðait iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko ré: pa//
2. thing thi.thau: a-mé-ðait 5-hku. ko ré: pa//
3. auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: nhÉik hsi-lyau thau: a-mé-ðait ko hpræÑ. pa//
1. ____ tèý htu:hsan: pa la://
2. ____ ta.kèý la://
3. ____ kaung: kwa//
4. ____ tau kra. tau.//
5. ____ da-kraung. ko://
4. auk-pa wa-kya. a.thi:thi: rhi. a-mé-ðait to. thæÑ mæÑ-tho.thau: sait-lhoap-rha:mhu. kraung. hpris-pau la-tha.næÑ//
1. a.mèý-lé: ____ kèý-kra. pa oän://
2. hing: ____ ning tau. la:/ nga pran la mha. thi.mèý//
3. hau: ____ hpé-hpé pran-la-pri mé-mé ré//
4. hé ____ tèý tau tè. ngaa. tha:kri: pa-la: kwa.//
5. au ____ hpris-mha. hpris-ra. lé hèý//
MLC states
hso-lo thæÑ. a.Daip~pÈý rauk-aung sa.nis-ta.kya. si-siñ hta:thau:
poad a.su.a.paung: ko wa-kya. <sentence> hu. hkau thæÑ// wa-kya.
tis-hku. twing a.næÑ:hsoän:
kat~ta: <subject> tis-hku. nhing.
kri.ya <predicate/ verb> tis-hku. pa-wing thæÑ//
• wa-kya. /[we' kja.]/ - n. Gramm. sentence -- MEDict473
• sentence n. 1. A grammatical unit that is syntactically independent and has a subject that is expressed or, as in imperative sentences, understood and a predicate that contains at least one finite verb. -- AHTD
UKT: In imperatives, a single word makes "sense". e.g. Go! Of course, the presence of 'you' is understood: You, go! Since, <Go!> makes sense, it is a sentence. And therefore, the MLC statement {... a.næÑ:hsoän: kat~ta: <subject> tis-hku. ... pa-wing thæÑ} is debatable. Or, the MLC statement should be rewritten to include the imperatives.
• imperative n. Abbr. imp. 3. Grammar a. The imperative mood. b. A verb form of the imperative mood. [Middle English imperatif relating to the imperative mood from Old French from Late Latin imperātīvus from Latin imperātus,past participle of imperāre to command; See emperor ] -- AHTD
Examples:
1. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ pré: thæÑ//
2. maung-hpo:nhis thæÑ laim~ma thæÑ//
3. sa-oap thæÑ sa:pwè: pau mha rhi. thæÑ//
I wa-kya. mya: ko auk-pa a.teing: peing:hkya: leik mæÑ
The sentences may be divided as:
1. (maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ) ( pré: thæÑ)//
2. (maung-hpo:nhis thæÑ) (laim~ma thæÑ)//
3. (sa-oap thæÑ) sa:pwè: pau mha (rhi. thæÑ)//
a.htak pa wa-kya. 3-hku. nhÉik (maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ) / (maung-hpo:nhis thæÑ) / (sa-oap thæÑ) hu-thau: naam-poad to. thæÑ kat~ta: mya: hpris kra. thæÑ// ( pré: thæÑ) / (laim~ma thæÑ) / (rhi. thæÑ) hu-thau: poad to. thæÑ kri.ya mya: hpris kra. thæÑ//
a.hso pa wa-kya. 3-hku. thæÑ kat~ta: tis-hku. nhing. kri.ya tis-hku. pa-wing thau: wa-kya. mya: hpris kra. thæÑ//
Example 1: {pru.thu / pru.hkying:}
kat~ta: thæÑ pru.thu ko pra.thæÑ// kri.ya thæÑ pru.hkying:
ko pra.thæÑ//
1. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ pré: thæÑ//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ pré:hkring: ko pru.thu hpris thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ pru.thu ko pra.thau: kat~ta: hpris thæÑ//
• pré:thæÑ thæÑ maung-hpo:hkyis iÉ. pru.hkring: ko pra.thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. pré:thæÑ thæÑ kri.ya hpris-thæÑ//
Example 2: {hpris-thu / hpris-hkying:]
kat~ta: thæÑ hpris-thu ko pra.thæÑ// kri.ya thæÑ
hpris-hkying: ko pra.thæÑ//
2. maung-hpo:nhis thæÑ laim~ma thæÑ//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik laim~ma thau:thu mha maung-hpo:nhis hpris-thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. maung-hpo:nhis thæÑ hpris-thu ko pra.thau: kat~ta: hpris-thæÑ//
• laim~ma-thæÑ thæÑ maung-hpo:nhis iÉ. hpris-hkring: ko pra.thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. laim~ma-thæÑ thæÑ kri.ya hpris-thæÑ//
Example 3: {rhi.thæÑ. a.ra / rhi.hkring:}
kat~ta: thæÑ rhi.thæÑ. a.ra ko pra.thæÑ// kri.ya thæÑ
rhi.hkring: ko pra.thæÑ//
3. sa-oap thæÑ sa:pwè: pau-mha rhi.thæÑ//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik sa-oap thæÑ rhi.thau: a.ra hpris-thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. sa-oap thæÑ rhi.thau: a.ra ko pra.thau: kat~ta: hpris-thæÑ//
• rhi.thæÑ thæÑ sa-oap iÉ. rhi.hkring: ko pra.thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. rhi.thæÑ thæÑ kri.ya hpris-thæÑ//
kat~ta: tis-hku. nhing. kri.ya tis-hku. pa-wing thau:
wa-kya. twing lo up thau: poad to.ko hpræÑ. swak rwÉ. auk-pa
a.teing: wa.kya. mya: hpwè.neing-thæÑ//
UKT: I have put the predicate within (...) which the original text does not have.
1. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ (thwa:thæÑ)//
2. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ (kyaung:tho. thwa:thæÑ)//
3. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ (aim-mha. kyaung:tho. thwa:thæÑ)//
4. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ (aim-mha. kyaung:tho. ka:hpring. thwa:thæÑ)//
5. maung-hpo:hkyis thæÑ (aim-mha. kyaung:tho. ka:hpring. nän-nak 9-na-ri nhÉik thwa: thæÑ)//
mhat-ran//
• kat~ta: <subject> thæÑ pru.thu / hpris-thu / rhi.thu ko
pra.thæÑ//
• kri.ya <predicate> thæÑ pru.hkring: / hpris-hkring: / rhi.hkring:
ko pra.thæÑ//
1. kat~ta: iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko ré: pa//
2. kri.ya iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko ré: pa//
3. auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: nhÉik hsi-lyau thau: kat~ta: ko hpræÑ. pa//
01. ____ tha-ya iÉ.//
02. ____ reing:seing: iÉ.//
03. ____ that~pÈý iÉ.//
04. ____ mat sauk iÉ.//
05. ____ a.hpo: hteik iÉ.//
06. ____ a:kaung: iÉ.//
07. ____ kræÑ-ling iÉ.//
08. ____ hkywè:pyis iÉ.//
09. ____ hain: iÉ.//
10. ____ twan iÉ.//
4. auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: nhÉik hsi-lyau thau: kri.ya ko hpræÑ. pa//
01. hkyaung: ré ____ //
02. a.ngraim. ming:tha.mi: thæÑ ____ //
03. I mris thæÑ ____ //
04. taung-tan: thæÑ ____ //
05. lé thæÑ ____ //
06. mo: thæÑ ____ //
07. tha.Ba-pa.ti.kri: ka. ____ //
08. kyaung:tha: thæÑ ____ //
09. thu-na-pru. mya: ____ //
10. lhyap-si: ____ //
5. auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: nhÉik hsi-lyau thau: wa-sïn~ga. ko hpræÑ.pa//
01. maung-thän-hkyaung: ____ rwa-tha-ya rwa ____ né ____ //
02. ____ thæÑ ____ thau: ka.lé: tis-yauk ____ thæÑ//
03. thu ____ hpa.hking ____ U:Ba.hkyis hpris ____ mi.hking ____ dau-ngwé-hking hpris thæÑ//
04. U:Ba.hkyis ____ dau-ngwé-hking ____ thæÑ maung-thän-hkyaung: ____ hkyis kra. iÉ.//
05. maung-thän-hkraung: thæÑ mi.Ba. sa.ka: ____ na: htaung ____ rhi. thæÑ//
06. kyaung: ____ aim ____ pran-rauk ____ mi.Ba. nhis-pa: ko ____ thæÑ//
07. aim nhÉik ____ kyaung: nhÉik ____ thu-ngèý-hkying: ____ ko ku-Ñi thæÑ//
08. ____ maung-thän-hkyaung: la-thæÑ ____ mring ____ "ho-mha thän-hkyaung: la-pri" ____ au-his ____
thu-ngèý-hkying: mya: thæÑ maung-thän-hkyaung: htän tho. ____ pré:la ____ thæÑ//09. maung-thän-hkyaung: ko thu iÉ. mi.Ba. nhis-pa: ____ thu-ngèý-hkring: mya: ka. ____ hkyis-hking kra. thæÑ ma.hoat / hsa.ra hsa.ra-ma. mya: ka ____ hkyis-hking kra. ____ thæÑ//
10. sait-tha.Bau: kaung: ____ ku-Ñi tat ____ thu ko lu ____ ka. hkyis-kra.mæÑ ____ hpris thæÑ//
6. auk-pa kat~ta: mya: nhing. kri.ya mya: ko hsi-lyau aung twè: pa//
|
7. kat~ta: tis-hku. nhing. kri.ya tis-hku. pa-rhi.thau: wa-kya. 3-hku. ko ré: pa//
MLC states
mran-ma-sa ré:tha: ra nhÉik a.Daip~pÈý rhing:ling: sé ran poad-ka.lé:
/ poad-ma. / weik-kwing: sa.thau: thïn~ké-ta. mya: ko a.thoän: pru.
rwÉ. ré: ra. thæÑ// hto thïn~ké-ta. mya: ko paod-hprat poad-rap
thïn~ké-ta. mya: hu.hkau thæÑ//
UKT: Another term for {poad-ka.lé:} is {poad-hprat} (MEDict274). A commonly
used term {poad-hti:} (used in place of {poad-ka.lé:}) is not listed in MOrtho,
MEDict and MMDict (point to be checked). Since, it is more convenient to
write a monosyllabic word than a polysyllabic word, the use of {poad-hti:} is
still popular to the best of my knowledge. A similar term is {lak-thæÑ:kwing:}
(meaning "a bracket curved like the finger nail"). It is popularly used in place
of {weik-kwing:}. It is listed in MEDict447.
{poad-hprat} and {poad-ma.} are the "same"
as Devanagari "single Danda" and "double Danda".
DEVANAGARI DANDA (unicode U0964 (।)) is similar to a full stop. Corresponding forms occur in many other Indic scripts. DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA (unicode U0965 (॥))marks the end of a verse in traditional texts. -- excerpt from: The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0, Chapter 9, Unicode Consortium, http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.0/ch09.pdf
UKT: Though in Burmese-Myanmar script {poad-hprat} is a short vertical line, and {poad-ma.} a short double line, Romabama (because of its use of only ASCII) has to use the "slash" ( / ) and the "double slash" ( // ). The possibility of using comma in Romabama in place of {poad-hprat} in some cases is being considered.
• poad-ka.lé: /[pou' hkalei:]/ - n. punctuation mark consisting of one vertical line indicating a short pause. ( । ). Also {tis-hkyaung: poad) -- MEDict274
UKT: {poad-hprat} has 6 uses:
Use 1. listing nouns
nhis-hku.htak po-thau: poad-mya: a.kra: twing poad-ka.lé: ko
thoän: thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka.// // kwè: / nwa: / tho: / hsait / tha.ming / da.rèý / hsing
to. thæÑ a.thi:a.nhän / a.rwak / this.U. / this-hpu. to. ko tha
sa:thæÑ// (poän-nhaip ra nhÉik poad-mya: a.kra: twing poad-ka.lé: ko
ma.thoän:Bè: né-ra hkyè: rwÉ.læÑ: reik-nhaip lé. rhi. thæÑ//)
UKT:
• Monkeys {myauk} listed by MLC has been dropped because, they do sometimes eat non-vegetables.
• If commas had been used instead of {poad-hprat (poad-ka.lé:)}, the above sentence would appear:
tha-Da.ka.// // kwè:, nwa:, tho:, hsait, tha.ming, da.rèý, hsing to. thæÑ a.thi:a.nhän, a.rwak, this.U., this-hpu. to. ko tha sa:thæÑ//
Use 2. listing clauses
nhis-hku. htak po thau: poad-su. mya: a.kra: twing poad-ka.lé:
ko thoän: thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka.// // this-htoat loap-ngan: twing tha.Ba-wa. pauk-ping mya:
ma.pyak-si:sé-ran ka-kwèý saung.rhauk hkring:/ this-tau: mya: ko
thaip~pän-næÑ: hpring. pru.su. pyo:htaung hkring:/ sa.nis-ta.kya.
hkyè.htwing seik-pyo:hkring: sa.thau: loap-ngan: mya: ko hsaung-rwak
ra.thæÑ//
Use 3. listing dates
hku.nhis / la. / rak to.ko tis-tan:tæÑ: siñ-ré:ra nhÉik
poad-ka.lé: ko thoän: thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka.// // 1948-hku.nhis / zan-na-wa-ri / 4-rak / ta.nïn~ga.nwé né. //
Use 4. listing time
a.hkyaing / na-ri to.ko tis-tan:tæÑ: siñ-ré:ra nhÉik læÑ:
poad-ka.lé: ko thoän thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka.// // nän-nak 4-na-ri / mi.nis-20 //
Use 5. address
tha-Da.ka.// // mran-ma-sa a.hpwè. U:si:Hta-na. / 27 præÑ lam: /
6-meing-hkwè: / ran-koan //
Use 6. name and designation
a.loap-a.keing ko lu a.mæÑ iÉ. nauk-twing hpau-pra.ra nhÉik
poad-ka.lé: ko thoän thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka// // dauk-ta U:hting-aung / pa-mauk~hka.hkyoap / yan-koan tak~ka.thol //*
UKT: * sentence changed to suit the times.
• poad-kri: /[pou' kji]/ - n. punctuation mark
consisting of a pair of short vertical lines indicating a long pause or
termination of a sentence. ( ॥ ). Also {nhis-hkyaung: poad}, {poad-ma.} --
MEDict275
• poad-ma.kri: /[pou' ma. gji:]/ - n. punctuation mark
consisting of twin pairs of vertical stop signs. ( ॥ ॥ ) --
MEDict275
UKT: {poad-ma.} has 3 uses.
Use 1. End of a sentence
wa-kya. a.hsoän: nhÉik poad-ma. ko thoän: thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka.// // mran-ma wau:ha-ra. to. iÉ. a.thän-hwak/
sa-loän:paung: that-poän/ a.nak a.Daip~pÉý to. ko a.lwèý ta.ku
rha-hwé-lé.la ræÑ-Ñhwan: a.thoän: pru neing sé ran ræÑ-than
rwÉ. I-a.Bi.Daan ko pru.su. hkè.pa thæÑ//
-- excerpt from MMDict Preface p.{ka.}
Use 2. Serial numbers
a.mhat-siñ ko hpau-pra.ra nhÉik poad-ma. ko thoän: thæÑ//
UKT: However, this rule is not followed in Romabama, where a 'period' is used.
tha-Da.ka.// //
|
Use 3. Ditto
a.htak twing hpau-pra.pri: thau: a.kraung:a.ra / a.hkyak a.lak to.
nhing. auk-twing hsak-lak hpau-pra.thau: a.kraung:a.ra/
a.hkyak a.lak to. tu-Ñi kra.kraung: ko pra.ra nhÉik poad~ma.
ko thoän:thæÑ//
UKT: However, this rule is not followed in Romabama, and we are considering if
the use of a pair of 'comma' is acceptable.
tha-Da.ka.// //
|
ditto n. pl. dittos Abbr. do. 1. The same as stated above or before. 2. A duplicate; a copy. 3. A pair of small marks ( “) used to indicated that the word, phrase, or figure given above is to be repeated. -- AHTD
UKT: A pair of parentheses has 3 uses.
Use 1. Amount in words following amount in numbers
kain: ga.Nan: hpring. hpau-pra.thau: ngwé-kré: a.ré-a.twak ko
sa-hpring ti.ti.kya.kya. hpau-pra. lo-lhying weik-kwing: ko
thoän:thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka.// // 19280-kyap/ 50-pya: (kyap tis-htaung ko:ra rhis-hsèý
nhis nhing. pra: nga:hsèý ti.ti.//)
Use 2. Publication references
sa-oap a.mæÑ iÉ. nauk-twing htoat-wé-ra Hta-na. / tho.ma.hoat
sa-ré:thu iÉ. a.mæÑ ko hpau-pra. ra nhÉik weik-kwing: ko
thoän:thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka.// //
mran-ma. swè-soän-kyam: (sa-pé-bi.maan)
mran-ma. myak-pwing. (zé-yya.)
Use 3. Differentiation of persons with same name
a.mæÑ tu poag~gol mya: rhi. lhying hto poag~gol mya: iÉ.
hpa.hking a.mæÑ ko hpris-sé/ a.loap-a.keing ko hpris-sé/ né-rap dé-tha. ko
hpris-sé weik-kwing: hpring. pra.thæÑ//
tha-Da.ka. // //
maung-kyau (a.hpa. U:Ba.)
maung-kyau (a.hpa. U:lha.)
U:maung-maung-kri: (mran-ma-sa pa-mauk~hka.)
U:maung-maung-kri: (kyaung:oap-kri:)
ma.hking-proän: (rhwé-Bo)
ma.hking-proän: (tha-ya-wa.ti)
sa-hpat-thu a.htu: tha.ti.hta: rwÉ. hpat-sé-hkying thau:
sa.ka:loän:/ poad/ wa-kya. sa.thæÑ to.ko auk-myiñ:tha: rwÉ.
hpau-pra.thæÑ// (poän-nhaip ra nhÉik sa-loän: mæÑ: hpring. læÑ:
pra.tat thæÑ//)
tha-Da.ka.// // thak-rhi. thak-mè./ drap-rhi.drap-mè. to. iÉ. a.mæÑ
hu-tha.mhya. ko naam hu. hkau-thæÑ//
UKT: A hyphen has two uses, both of which are not suitable for Romabama.
Use 1. dates
rak-swè: ko a.to ré:ra nhÉik myiñ:to ko thoän: thæÑ// (myiñ:saung:/
poad-ka.lé: ko læÑ: thoän:thæÑ//)
tha-Da.ka.// // 4-1-48
UKT: MLC style can give totally wrong dates, because, there are two systems used
in international practice: mm-dd-yy and dd-mm-yy. However, in both, the month
and the date can get confused. The best is to give letters for the month, e.g.
04-Jan-48 (in English). The TIL style is to give yy-mm-dd without any hyphens in
between: 480104
Use 2. money
ga.Nan: hpring ré: thau: kyap/ pra: ko hpau-pra.ra nhÉik
myiñ:to ko thoän thæÑ// (myiñ:saung: ko læÑ: thoän:thæÑ//)
tha-Da.ka.// // 1982 {loän:ting} - 50 {mauk-hkya.}
UKT: This practice does not work in Romabama.
UKT: There are two types of slashes in use, internationally: the "forward slash" ( / ) or simply "slash" and the backslash ( \ ). The backslash is not available in ordinary typewriters (the ones in use when MLC was publishing the "Myanmar Thuddar" in 1986.). Since, Romabama has to use the slash ( / ) for {poad-ka.lé:}, this section is irrelevant in Romabama.
MLC: gives two uses for {myiñ-saung:} or <slash>.
Use 1.
rak-swè: ko a.to ré:ra nhÉik myiñ-saung: ko thoän: thæÑ// (myiñ-to/
poad-ka.lé: ko læÑ: thoän: thæÑ//)
tha-Da.ka.// // 4/ 1 / 48
Use 2.
ga.Nan: hpring ré: thau: kyap/ pra: ko hpau-pra.ra nhÉik
myiñ:saung: ko thoän thæÑ// (myiñ:to ko læÑ: thoän:thæÑ//)
tha-Da.ka.// // 1982 {loän:ting} - 50 {mauk-hkya.}
UKT: This practice does not work in Romabama.
UKT: MLC gives a word index use in paper editions.
• kat~ta: /[ka' ta:]/ - n. Gramm. subject. -- MEDict018
Go back kat-ta-b
• kri.ya /[kari. ja]/ - n. Gramm. verb -- MEDict038
• predicate n. Abbr. pred. 1. Grammar One of the two main constituents of a sentence, modifying the subject and including the verb, objects, or phrases governed by the verb, as opened the door in Jane opened the door or is very sleepy in The child is very sleepy. adj. 1. Grammar Of or belonging to the predicate of a sentence or clause. 2. Stated or asserted; predicated. [Late Latin praedicāre praedicāt - from Latin to proclaim prae- pre- dicāre to proclaim; See deik- in Indo-European Roots.] -- AHTD
Go back kri-ya-b
End of TIL page