tx07particle.htm
by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) and staff of TIL (Tun Institute of Learning,
http://www.tuninst.net ). Start: 2007 July
Based on:
• Myanmar Thuddar {mran-ma thad~da}, Volume 1, Module 1,
by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC),
Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) .
Date of publication: around 1986
• Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July.
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07. pis~sæÑ: <Particle>
07. lé.kying.hkan: Exercise
MLC states
naam / naam-sa: / na-ma. wi.thé-tha.na. / kri.ya / kri.ya wi.thé-tha.na. to. iÉ.
a.Daip~pÈý ko htu:hra: lé:nak aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thau: sa.ka:loän:
ko pis~sæÑ: <particle> hu. hkau thæÑ//
• pis~sæÑ: /[pji' si:]/ - n. 3. Gramm. particle; word serving to qualify a noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, or an adverb. -- MEDict271
• particle n. Abbr. part. 4. Grammar Linguistics a. An uninflected item that has grammatical function but does not clearly belong to one of the major parts of speech, such as up in look up or to in English infinitives. b. In some systems of grammatical analysis, any short function word, including articles, prepositions, and conjunctions. -- AHTD
Example 1. (particle on noun)
1. maung-Ba.hkyis ko thu-ngèý-hkying: mya: ka. hkyis-hking kra. thæÑ//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik mya: hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: thæÑ a.ré-a.twak tis-hku.htak po-kraung: ko pra. thæÑ//
• I-tho. pra.hkring: kraung. thu-ngèý-hkying: hu-thau: naam-poad iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko htu:hkra:aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. mya: thæÑ pis~sæÑ: <particle> hpris thæÑ//
Example 2. (particle on adjective)
2. maung-Ba.hkyis thæÑ yiñ-kyé: thau: thu tis-U: hpris thæÑ//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik yiñ-kyé:thau: hu-thæÑ. na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. <adjective> thæÑ thu hu-thau: naam-sa: <pronoun> ko a.htu: pru.hkring: hpring. maung-Ba.hkyis thæÑ mæÑ-tho.thau: thu hpris-kraung: ko pra. thæÑ//
• I-tho. pra.ra-nhÉik thau: hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: ka. ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. thau: thæÑ pis~sæÑ: <particle> hpris thæÑ//
Example 3. (particle on noun)
3. maung-Ba.hkyis thæÑ krak-tha:hing: ko tha sa: thæÑ//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik maung-Ba.hkyis thæÑ a.hkra:hing: mya: ko ma.sa:Bè: krak-tha:hing: tis-myo:tæÑ:tha sa:kraung:ko tha hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: ka. kan.that pra. thæÑ//
• I-tho. krak-tha:hing: ko kan.that pra.hkring:hpring. tha hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: thæÑ krak-tha:hing: hu-thau: naam-poad iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko htu:hkra: lé:nak aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. tha thæÑ pis~sæÑ: <particle> hpris thæÑ//
Example 4. (particle on adverb)
4. I kais~sa. ko mran-mran tha hsaung-rwak pa//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik pru.hpwèý rhi.thau: kais~sa. ko nhé:nhé: ma.hsaung-rwak-Bè: mran-mran hsaung-rwak sé-lo kraung: ko tha hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: ka. kan.that pra. thæÑ//
• I-tho. kan.that pra.hkring: hpring. tha thæÑ mran-mran hu-thau: kri.ya-wi.thé-tha.na. ko htu:hkra:aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. tha thæÑ pis~sæÑ: <particle> hpris thæÑ//
Example 5. (particle on verb)
5. maung-Ba.hkris thæÑ mhan-ra ko prau: wän. thæÑ//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik maung-Ba.hkyis thæÑ mhan-ra ko prau:ran ma.krauk-rwän.kraung: ko wän. hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: ka. pra. thæÑ//
• I-tho. pra.hkring:hping. wän. thæÑ prau: hu-thau: kri.ya iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko htu:hkra:aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. wän. thæÑ pis~sæÑ: <particle> hpris thæÑ//
Example 6. (particle on verb)
UKT: There is a serious typist error in this example. Check with the original.
6. ming: krak-tha:hing: kreik-tha.la: //
• I wa-kya. nhÉik la: thæÑ kreik hu-thau: kri-ya iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko htu:hkra:aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. la; thæÑ pis~sæÑ: <particle> hpris thæÑ//
Example 7. (particle on verb)
7. kwan-tau krak-tha:hing: ma.kreik pa//
• I wa-kya. nhÉik ma. thæÑ krak-tha:hing: ma.kreik-kraung: ko ngring:pèý-thæÑ. tha.Bau:hpring. kreik hu-thau: kri-ya iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko htu:hkra:aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thæÑ//
• hto.kraung. ma. thæÑ pis~sæÑ: <particle> hpris thæÑ//
pis~sæÑ: mya:
mya: / to. / thau: / thæÑ. / mæÑ. / tha / rè: / thing. /
ping / wän. / rak / rha / tau. / nhing. / hkyæÑ: / pa /
nhèý / lo / ra. / hkè: / neing / kra. / koan / pé / a.teing: /
ma. / la: sa.thæÑ
mhat ran// // naam / naam-sa: / na-ma. wi.thé-tha.na. / kri.ya / kri.ya wi.thé-tha.na. to. iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko htu:hkra: lé:nak aung ku-Ñi htauk-pän. thau: sa.ka:loän: ko pis~sæÑ: hu. hkau thæÑ//
1. pis~sæÑ: iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko ré: pa//
2. auk-pa wa-kya. a.thi:thi: nhÉik pa.wing thau: pis~sæÑ: mya: ko myiñ:tha: pa//
01. ka.lé: to. thæÑ a.pris king: kra. thæÑ//
02. myak-nha hkyo thau: thu ko lu-teing: hkyis thæÑ//
03. maung:wing: thæÑ mhaung htè: nhÉik né wän. thæÑ//
04. ma.weing: thæÑ nga:hing: ko tha sa: thæÑ//
05. man~ta.lé: mha. la-thæÑ. a.mran-ra.hta: hseik pri//
06. nga thwa: nhing. mæÑ//
07. nga. ko tau. ma.pé:/ thu-hkyæÑ: yu thæÑ//
08. nga. myak-nha ko ma.htauk/ thu prau: rak thæÑ//
09. hsa.ra-ma. thæÑ kywan-tau to. ko poän prau: pra. thæÑ//
10. ma.weing: thæÑ hsa.ra-ma. ko laim ma.prau: rè:pa//
3. auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: twing hsi-lyau thau: pis~sæÑ: ko hpræÑ. pa//
1. nga. Ba-tha tis-yauk-tæÑ: thwa: ____ thæÑ//
2. maung-mring. thæÑ laim~ma ____ kyaung:tha: hpris-thæÑ hu. hsa.ra-ma. ka. hkyi:mwam: thæÑ//
3. poän-prau: kaung: thau: hsa-ra-ma. ko kyaung:tha: ____ ka. hkyis-hking kra. thæÑ//
4. "ming: tis-yuak-tæÑ: thwa: ____ tha. la:" hu. maung-mring. ka. maung-zau ko mé: thæÑ//
5. "hsa-ra. ko nga ma.prau: ____ Bu:" hu. ma.weing: ka prau: thæÑ//
4. thing thi. thau: pis~sæÑ: 5-hku. ko ré: pa//
5. yhiñ-twè: hpau-pra. hta: thau: pis~sæÑ: mya: mha. hsi-lyau thau: pis~sæÑ: ko rwé:rwÉ. kwak-lap twing hpræÑ. pa//
01. a.pris rhi. thu mya: a.pris a.lyauk a.pris daN hkän ____ thæÑ//
( ra. / wän. )02. mi.mi. ta-wan ko kyé-pwan-swa htam:hsaung ____ thæÑ//
( thing. / tau. )03. lù.tha.Ba-wa. a.ra. hkyam:tha-hkying: iÉ. daN ko hkän-neing ____ thæÑ//
( hkè: / rè: )04. ka.ti. a.teing: nak-hpran hsak-hsak la ____ mæÑ//
( neing / pa )05. ma.weing: ko thu-ngèý-hkying: mya:ka. hkyis-hking ____ thæÑ//
( kra. / koan )06. maung-mring. thæÑ yiñ-kyé: ____ thu-ngèý-ka.lé: hpris thæÑ//
( thau: / mæÑ. )07. "ta.pæÑ. to. sa-kro:sa:kra. ____" hsa.ra-kri: ka. hsoän:ma. thæÑ//
( pé / pa )08. sa-ko ____ mhan-mhan kyak pa//
( tha / pa )09. pa.hta.ma. a.sam:sa-mé:pwè: nhÉik tha-ma.ka. du.ti-ya. a.sam:sa-mé:pwè: twing læÑ: maung-mring. ____ pa.hta.ma. ra. thæÑ//
( ping / tau. )10. pan: ____ mhwé: rwÉ. sam:ré ____ é: kra. pa sé//
( nhèý / a.teing: )
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