tx06conjunction.htm
by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) and staff of TIL (Tun Institute of Learning,
http://www.tuninst.net ). Start: 2007 July
Based on:
• Myanmar Thuddar {mran-ma thad~da}, Volume 1, Module 1,
by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC),
Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) .
Date of publication: around 1986
• Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July.
BG4M-indx |Top
Contents of this page
06. tham~ban~Da. <Conjunction>
06. lé.kying.hkan: Exercise
MLC states
poad a.hkying:hkying: ko hpris-sé / wa-kya. a.hkying:hkying: ko
hpris-sé / a.Daip~pÈý a.hkying:hkying: ko hpris-sé hsak-sap pé:thau:
sa.ka:loän: ko tham~ban~Da. <conjunction> hu. hkau thæÑ//
• tham~ban~Da. /[than ban da.]/ - n. Gramm. conjuction. -- MEDict520
• conjunction n. 4. Abbr. conj. Grammar A part of speech such as and, but, as, and because that serves to connect words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. -- AHTD
Example 1.
1.1. nhing:hsi-pan: nhing. sän-pèý-pan:
1.2. hta.ming: nhing. hing:• I twing nhing:hsi-pan: / sän-pèý-pan: to. thæÑ naam-poad mya: hpris-kra.thæÑ//
• hto-næÑ: a.tu hta.ming: / hing: to. thæÑ naam-poad mya: hpris-kra.thæÑ//
• lÉ-kaung: naam-poad mya: ko nhing. hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: ka. hsak-sap pé: thæÑ//
• hto-tho. poad 2-hku. ko hsak-sap pé:thau: kraung. nhing. thæÑ tham~ban~Da. hpris-thæÑ//
Example 2.
2.1. maung-kän-kaung: thæÑ sa kro:sa: thæÑ//
2.2. maung-kän-kaung: thæÑ sa-mé:pwè: aung thæÑ//• wa-kya. 2.1. nhing. wa-kya. 2.2. to.ko wa-kya. tis-hku.tæÑ: hpris-sé-ran thau:kraung. hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: hpring. auk-pa a.teing: hsak-sap pé: neing thæÑ//
2.3. maung-kän-kaung: sa kro:sa: thau:kraung. sa-mé:pwè: aung-thæÑ//
• hto-tho. wa-kya. 2-hku. ko hsak-sap pé:hkring:kraung. thau:kraung. thæÑ tham~ban~Da. hpris-thæÑ//
UKT: Note that, though nhing. (meaning: <and>) of the example 1. and thau:kraung. (meaning: <because of>) of example 2. are both conjunctions, they are of different nature. In example 1. the order of nouns being conjoined may be changed. However, in example 2, the order of the two "sentences" cannot be changed. In all these examples, the student is being simply shown what a conjunction is, without going further into the process of conjoining.
Example 3.
3.1. ya.né. mo: rwa thæÑ //
3.2. maung-kän-kaung: thæÑ kyaung: tho. thwa: thæÑ//• pa.hta.ma. wa-kya. 3.1. and du.ti.ya. wa-kya. 3.2. to. ko wa-kya. tis-hku.tæÑ: hpris-sé-ran thau-læÑ: hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: hpring. auk-pa a.teing: hsak-sap pé: neing thæÑ//
3.3. ya.né. mo: rwa thau-læÑ: maung-kän-kaung: thæÑ kyaung: tho. thwa: thæÑ//
(UKT: check this sentence with the original.)• hto-tho. wa-kya. 2-hku. ko hsak-sap pé:hkring:kraung. thau-læÑ thæÑ tham~ban~Da. hpris-thæÑ//
Example 4.
4.1. nwé-ra-thi nhÉik kyaung:pait thæÑ//
4.2. maung-thän-hkyaung: thæÑ sak-roän nhÉik loap-a: pé:mæÑ//• pa.hta.ma. wa-kya. 4.1. and du.ti.ya. wa-kya. 4.2. to. ko wa-kya. tis-hku.tæÑ: hpris-sé-ran thau:a.hka hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: hpring. auk-pa a.teing: hsak-sap pé: neing thæÑ//
4.3. nwé-ra-thi nhÉik kyaung:pait thau:a.hka maung-thän-hkyaung: thæÑ sak-roän nhÉik loap-a: pé:mæÑ//
• hto-tho. wa-kya. 2-hku. ko hsak-sap pé:hkring:kraung. thau:a.hka thæÑ tham~ban~Da. hpris-thæÑ//
Example 5.
5.1. ya.né. mo: rwa thæÑ//
5.2. maung-kän-kaung: kyaung: tho. thwa: thæÑ//• pa.hta.ma. wa-kya. 5.1. and du.ti.ya. wa-kya. 5.2. to. ko tho.ra.twing hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: hpring. hsak-sap leik thau: a.hka hto wa-kya. 2-hku. thæÑ auk-pa a.teing: a.Daip~pÈý a.ra. hsak-thwè-mhu. rhi.la thæÑ//
5.3. ya.né. mo: rwa thæÑ// tho.ra-twing maung-kän-kaung: kyaung: tho. thwa: thæÑ//
• hto-tho. wa-kya. 2-hku. ko a.Daip~pÈý a.ra. hsak-sap pé:hkring:kraung. tho.ra-twing thæÑ tham~ban~Da. hpris-thæÑ//
UKT: Here, you will notice that, there is actually no conjoining of the sentence 5.1 and 5.2. However, {tho.ra-twing} has conjoined the two by "meaning", and {tho.ra-twing} is considered a conjunction. The next example illustrates a similar conjunction.
Example 6.
6.1. nwé-ra-thi nhÉik kyaung: pait thæÑ//
6.2. maung-thän-hkyaung: thæÑ sak-roän nhÉik loap-a: pé: mæÑ//• pa.hta.ma. wa-kya. 6.1. and du.ti.ya. wa-kya. 6.2. to. ko hto-a.hka hu-thau: sa.ka:loän: hpring. hsak-sap leik thau: a.hka hto wa-kya. 2-hku. thæÑ auk-pa a.teing: a.Daip~pÈý a.ra. hsak-thwè-mhu. rhi.la thæÑ//
6.3. nwé-ra-thi nhÉik kyaung: pait thæÑ// hto-a.hka maung-thän-hkyaung: thæÑ sak-roän nhÉik loap-a: pé: mæÑ//
• hto-tho. wa-kya. 2-hku. ko a.Daip~pÈý a.ra. hsak-sap pé:hkring:kraung. hto-a.hka thæÑ tham~ban~Da. hpris-thæÑ//
tham~ban~Da. mya:
Bè:nhing. / nhing. tis-preing-nak / nhing. / thau:kraung. / thau-læÑ: /
mha. / thau / tha.hpring. / tho.ma.hoat / thau:a.hka / lhying / hkeik / ka. /
tha-ma.ka. / rwÉ. / lyak / tho.ra-twing / hto-a.hka / hto.kraung. /
toan: / hpris-sé__hpris-sé / hto.pring / a.twak sa.thæÑ
mhat-ran// // poad a.hkying:hkying: ko hpris-sé/ wa-kya. a.hkying:hkying: ko hpris-sé/ a.Daip~pÈý a.hkying:hkying: ko hpris-sé hsak-sap pé:thau: sa.ka:loän: ko tham~ban~Da. hu. hkau thæÑ//
1. than~ban~Da. iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko ré: pa//
2. auk-pa wa-kya. a.thi:thi: rwÉ pa-wing thau: tham~ban~Da. mya: ko myiñ:tha: pa//
01. tis nhing. tis paung: lhying nhis hpris thæÑ//
02. ré nhing. kra thæÑ lwan-swa pa.nän ra. thæÑ//
03. a.hsing: lha. thau:læÑ: a.hkying: ma.lha.//
04. ma.hkau Bè: nhing. la thæÑ/ ma.nhing Bè: nhing. pran thæÑ//
05. mo: lwan mha. htwan hkya. thæÑ//
06. Bu: kaung: thau sing hkän thæÑ// ¹
07. mo: thän kra: thæÑ nhing. tis-preing-nak lèý-tha.ma: to. thæÑ htwan-toän: ko pring kra. thæÑ//
08. mo:rwa lhying ré-hkyo: mæÑ//
09. Ñi-Ña mha. præÑ tha mæÑ//
10. mo:lé-wa.tha. kaung: thau: kraung. sa.pa: a.htwak to: thæÑ//
UKT: ¹ - the statement does not sound right. It should read:
• {Bu: kaung: thau sing hkän mæÑ//} -- for a declaration
• {Bu: kaung: thau sing hkän pa//} -- for an advice
3. pé:hta: thau: tham~ban~Da. tis-hku. si ko auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: twing hsi-lyau aung hpræÑ. pa//
Given: ka. / nhing. / tho.ma.hoat / lhying / mha. / toan¹ / hpris-sé __ hpris-sé /
01. ming: ____ nga a.tu thwa: kra. mæÑ//
02. ming: ____ nga ____ thwa: hpris aung thwa: ra. mæÑ//
03. mo:rwa ____ this-ping mya: saim:lan: so-pré kra. thæÑ//
04. la.tha ____ being: nging thing. thæÑ//
05. kro:sa: ____ aung-mring mæÑ//
06. pying:ri. ____ kya.rhoän: tat thæÑ//
07. mi.Ba. ____ hsa.ra-tha.ma: to. ko ro-thé pa//
08. sa-kræÑ.teik ____ sak-roän nhÉik loap-a: pé: kra. mæÑ//
09. tha:tha.mi: laim~ma ____ mi.Ba. sait hkyam: tha thæÑ//
10. mo:rwa ____ pro:tha mæÑ//
UKT: ¹ {toan} is not a conjunction, whereas {toan:} (meaning: <while>) is. Check with the original. For meaning of {toan:} see MEDict187.
4. tham~ban~Da. 5-hku. ko ré:pa//
5. yhiñ-twè: hpau-pra. hta: thau: tham~ban~Da. mya: mha. hsi-lyau thau: tham~ban~Da. ko rwé:rwÉ. wa-kya. a.soän ko hsak-sap ré: pa//
01.1. maung-maung thæÑ hpya: thæÑ//
01.2. maung-maung thæÑ kyaung: tho. thwa: thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - thau-læÑ: / tha.hpring. / ka.02.1. a.mé thæÑ Zé: tho. thwa: thæÑ//
02.2. a.mé thæÑ nga: wèý thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - mha. / lhying / rwÉ. /03.1. maung-mring. thæÑ sa-kro: sa: thæÑ//
03.2. maung-mring. thæÑ goaN-hto: nhing. aung-mring thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - thau-læÑ: / hpris-sé__hpris-sé / hto.kraung. /04.1. ma.weing: thæÑ hsa.ra ko ro-thé thæÑ//
04.2. ma.weing: thæÑ mi.Ba. ko ro-thé thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - tha.hpring. / a.twak / hto.pring /05.1. mo:thän lé-thän ko kra: ra. pri//
05.2. lèý-tha.ma: to. thæÑ htwan-toän: ko pring-kra. thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - tho.ma.hoat / hto-a.hka / lyak /06.1. hkyo-tha thau: sa.ka: ko hso thæÑ//
06.2. lu-hkyis lu-hking mya: mæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - hkeik / thau:kraung. / lhying /07.1. kyaung:tha: to. thæÑ sa-kræÑ.teik nhÉik loap-a: pé: kra. mæÑ//
07.2. kyaung:tha: to. thæÑ a.loap-roän nhÉik loap-a: pé: kra. mæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - hto.kraung. / thau-læÑ: / hto.pring /08.1. thu thæÑ pak-lak-ku.la:hteing pau-nhÉik hteing né thæÑ//
08.2. thu thæÑ sa-hpat né thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - thau:a.hka / tha.hpring. / lyak /09.1. mo:koat-mro. mha. pat~ta.mra: htwak thæÑ//
09.1. mo:koat-mro. mha. ni-la læÑ: htwak thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - thau / tha-ma.ka. / tha.hpring. /10.1. mo:U.tu. rauk pri//
10.2. this-ping pan:ping mya: thæÑ saim:lam: so-præÑ kra. thæÑ//
(rwé:ra.mæÑ. tham~ban~Da.) - thau:a.hka / nhing. / thau-læÑ /
End of TIL page