tx04adjective.htm
by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) and staff of TIL (Tun Institute of Learning,
http://www.tuninst.net ). Start: 2007 July
Based on:
• Myanmar Thuddar {mran-ma thad~da}, Volume 1, Module 1,
by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC),
Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) .
Date of publication: around 1986
• Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July.
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04. na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. <Adjective>
04. lé.kying.hkan: Exercise
UKT notes
MLC states that
naam ko a.htu:pru. thau: poad ko na-ma.wi-thé-tha.na.
<adjective> hu.hkau thæÑ//
• na-ma. /[na ma.]/ - n. name. (Pali. - na-ma.) -- MEDict222
• wi-thé-tha. /[wi. thei. tha.]/ - adj. extraordinary,
special. n. special quality or accomplishment. -- MEDict476
• wi-thé-tha.na. /[wi. thei thana.]/ - n. Gramm. qualifier -- MEDict476
• na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. /[na ma. wi. thei thana.]/ - n. Gramm. adjective -- MEDict222
• na-mæÑ /[na mji] [nan me]/ - n. name. -- MEDict222
• a.mæÑ /[amji]/ - n. 1. name; title. -- MEDict579
Compare Pali. {na-ma.} to Burmese {na-mæÑ} and you will see how close Pali and Burmese are. See Burmese, Magadhi, and Pali in my notes.
• adjective n. Abbr. adj. a. 1. Grammar Any of a class of words used to modify a noun or other substantive by limiting, qualifying, or specifying and distinguished in English morphologically by one of several suffixes, such as -able, -ous, -er, and -est, or syntactically by position directly preceding a noun or nominal phrase, such as white in a white house. adj. 1. Grammar Adjectival: an adjective clause. [Middle English from Old French adjectif from Late Latin adiectīvus from adiectus, past participle of adiicere to add to ad- ad- iacere to throw; See y ¶- in Indo-European Roots.] -- AHTD
Example 1.
1.1. maung-thu-ra. thæÑ kyaung:tha: hpris thæÑ//
1.2. maung-thu-ra. thæÑ laim~ma thau: kyaung:tha: pris thæÑ//pa.hta.ma. wa-kya. 1.1. nhÉik maung-thu-ra. thæÑ kyaung:tha: hpris-kraung: ko hpau pra. thæÑ// du.ti.ya. wa-kya. 1.2. nhÉik maung-thu-ra. thæÑ mæÑ-tho.thau: kyaung:tha: hpris-kraung: ko hpau pra. hta: thæÑ//
maung-thu-ra. thæÑ mæÑ-tho.thau: kraung:tha: hpris-tha.næÑ://
laim~ma thau: kyaung:tha: hpris thæÑ//
I-nhÉik laim~ma thau: hu-thau: poad thæÑ kyaung:tha: hu-thau: naam-poad ko a.htu: pru.thæÑ// I-kè.tho. naam ko a.htu: pru. thæÑ. poad ko na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. hu. hkau thæÑ// hto.kraung. laim~ma-thau: thæÑ na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. hpris-thæÑ//
UKT: In this example, we find the adjective preceding the noun. However, in colloquial speech the order is changed. The adjectival phrase follows the noun. 1.2. is:
1.2. colloquial:
maung-thu-ra. thæÑ kyaung:tha: laim~ma pris thæÑ// ¹
Example 2:
2.1. sain-bé-da thæÑ hseing:pañ~ña-rhing hpris thæÑ//
2.2. sain-bé-da thæÑ kyau-kra:thau: hseing:pañ~ña-rhing hpris thæÑ//pa.hta.ma wa-kya. nhÉik sain-bé-da thæÑ hseing:piñ~ña-rhing hpris kraung: ko hpau-pra. thæÑ// du.ti.ya. wa-kya. nhÉik mu sain-bé-da thæÑ mæÑ-tho.thau: hseing:piñ~ña-rhing hpris-kraung: ko hpau-pra. hta: thæÑ//
sain-bé-da thæÑ mæÑ-tho.thau: hseing:piñ~ña-rhing hpris-tha.næÑ://
kyau-kra:thau: hseing:piñ~ña-rhing hpris-thæÑ//
I-nhÉik kyau-kra:thau: hu-thau: poad-thæÑ hseing:piñ~na-rhing hu-thau: naam-poad ko a.htu:pru. thæÑ// hto.kraung. kyau:kra:thau: thæÑ na.ma.wi-thé-tha.na. hpris-thæÑ//2.2. colloquial:
sain-bé-da thæÑ hseing:pañ~ña-rhing a.kyau-a.mau hpris thæÑ// ¹UKT: ¹ a-waiting approval from my peers.
na.ma.wi.thé-tha.na. mya:
laim~ma-thau: / rè:ring.thau: / kaung:thau: / hkyo-thau: /
mhaung-meik-thau: / hkam:na:thau: / mwan-mrat-thau: /
hpraung.tan:thau: sa.thæÑ
mhat ran // // naam ko a.htu: pru.thau: poad ko na.ma.wi.thé-tha.na. hu. hkau-thæÑ//
1. na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko ré:pa//
2. auk-pa wa-kya. a.thi:thi: rwÉ. pa-wing-thau: na-ma.wi.thé.tha.na. ko myiñ: tha:pa//
01. sa.lé-U:poañ~ña. thæÑ hting-rha:thau: sa-hso tis-U: hpris-thæÑ//
02. lat-hsat-thau: a.thi:a.nhän mya: ko tha sa:thing. thæÑ//
03. krak-hing:hka: thi: twing hka:that-thau: a.ra.tha rhi.thæÑ//
04. hkyo-tha-thau: sa.ka: ko lu-teing: nhis-lo thæÑ//
05. rhwé-ti-goän thæÑ thap~pÈý-thau: sé-ti-tau-kri: tis-hsu hpris-thæÑ//
06. lé:län-thau: a.ra-wat~htu. mya: ko ka.rain: hkau wan-hkyi-sak hpring. ma. neing thæÑ//
07. thän-lwing mris thæÑ mran-ma-præÑ rhi. rhæÑ-lya:thau: mris-kri: tis-hku. hpris-thæÑ//
08. ma.ha-ban~Du.la. thæÑ rè:ring.thau: sis-thu-kri: tis-U: hpris-thæÑ//
09. kyan:ma-ré: a.twak than.rhing:thau: a.sa:a.sa mya: ko né.siñ sa:thing. thæÑ//
10. rwa iÉ. pat-wan:kying twing saim:lan:thau: lèý-kwing: mya: rhi.thæÑ//
3. auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: nhÉik hsi-lyau thau: na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. ko hpræÑ//
1. ____ thau: a.wat-a.htæÑ mya: ko wèý lying hpya: tat thæÑ//
2. ____ thau: poän-pring mya: thæÑ sait-wing-sa:hpwèý kaung: thæÑ//
3. a.hkan: nän-rän twing ____ thau: pan:hkyi-ka: mya: ko hkyait-hswè: hta: thæÑ//
4. ____ thau: a.Bo:a.Bwa: mya: ko twé. lying a.ku-a.Ñi pé: pa//
5. ____ thau: taung-htaip pau twing sé-ti tis-hsu ko tæÑ-hta:thæÑ//
6. krak-hsu-hsi thæÑ ____ thau: a.ræÑ tis-myo: hpris thæÑ//
7. ____ thau: rhu.hking: to. thæÑ sait-ko lan:hsan: sé-thæÑ//
8. wam:keik rau:ga-po: ko ____ thau: mhan-Bi-lu: hpring. twé. mring neing thæÑ//
9. ____ thau: hsaung:ra-thi nän-nak-hking: twing kyam:ma-ré: a.twak lam:lyauk kra. thæÑ//
4. na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. 5-hku. ko ré: pa//
5. auk-pa na.ma.wi.thé-tha.na. to. nhing. naam to. ko hsi-lyau-aung twè: pa//
01. kyèý-laung-thau: / 02. saim:lan:thau: / 03. thap~pÈý-thau: / 04. rè:ring.thau: / 05. ni-mran:thau: /
06. kauk-kwé.thau: / 07. lé:län-thau: / 08. hkak-hkè:thau: / 09. mhwé:kreing-thau: / 10. mhaung-meik-thau: /(a.) poas~hsa / (b.) a.za-næÑ / (c.) Ña. / (d.) mris / (e.) mrak-hking: /
(f.) ra.nän. / (g.) sé-ti / (h.) nhoat-hkam: / (i.) hseing:thän / (j.) hkring:taung:
6. auk-pa na-ma.wi.thé-tha.na. a.thi:thi: ko wa-kya. tis-hku. si twing thoän: pra. pa//
1. kræÑ-ling-thau: / 2. sæÑ:ka:thau: / 3. tauk-praung-thau: /
4. mwan-mrat-thau: / 5. lwè:mha:thau: / 6. hpraung.tan:thau: /
Compare Pali. {na-ma.} to Burmese {na-mæÑ} and you will see how close Pali
and Burmese are. My conjecture at this point is: Burmese would be more close to
Magadhi, the eastern dialect (vs. Pali the western dialect) of the original
language of Gotama Buddha and Emperor Asoka.
The following is an excerpt from the photocopy of the original
paper: Language Problem of Primitive Buddhism, by Chi Hisen-lin,
Journal of the Burma Research Society, XLIII, i, June 1960. (the photocopy
from JBRS was made available to me by Daw Papa Aung, lecturer in Pali, Yangon
University, in 2005.) The paper is also available on line:
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/publication/LunCong/004/69_90.htm
"... there is a comparatively concordant point; that is, most of the scholars advocated that the Pāli language was a Western dialect, and such was truly the fact. The declensions of the Pāli words are similar to those of the language used in the Girnār Inscriptions of the Aśokan Pillars, such as the locative case in -amhi and -e. the accusative case in -ne, etc. But on the other hand, the Magadha language was an eastern dialect, in which r had become as l, and s as ś, while the nominative case of words ending in -a ended in -e, …etc. There is vast difference between the two languages and they should by no means be confused with each other."
Since, geographically, the areas where Magadhi and Burmese are
close together, compared to that of Pali, Burmese pronunciations of the words of
the Buddha would be close. The only proof of my conjecture would be to find the
writings in Magadhi "script" if there was one, to compare to Myanmar script.
However, to the best of my knowledge (which is scanty at best) there is no
written record of the Magadhi "script".
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