1. pis~soap~pan ka-la.
<present tense>
2. a.tait ka-la.
<past tense>
3. a-na-gat ka-la.
<future tense>
to. hpris kra. thæÑ//
tx03verb.htm
by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) and staff of TIL (Tun Institute of Learning,
http://www.tuninst.net ). Start: 2007 July
Based on:
• Myanmar Thuddar {mran-ma thad~da}, Volume 1, Module 1,
by Myanmar Language Commission (MLC),
Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar (in Burmese-Myanmar) .
Date of publication: around 1986
• Digitized version of MLC Myanmar Thuddar by Daw Thet-thet Theint Han and staff of TIL, 2003 July.
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Contents of this page
03. kri.ya Verb
03.01. kri.ya myo: kwè: mya: Kinds of verbs
03.01. lé.kying.hkan: Exercise
03.02. ka-la. Tense
UKT notes
MLC states that
pru.hkring: ko hpris-sé / hpris-hkring: ko hpris-sé / rhi.hkring: ko hpris-sé
pra. thau: poad ko kri.ya (ka.yi.ya) <verb> hu. hkau thæÑ//
• kri.ya /[kari. ja]/ - n. Gram. verb. (Pali - kri.ya) -- MEDict038
• verb n. Abbr. v. vb. 1. a. The part of speech that expresses existence, action, or occurrence in most languages. b. Any of the words within this part of speech, as be, run, or conceive. 2. A phrase or other construction used as a verb. [Middle English verbe from Old French from Latin verbum word, verb; See wer- 5 in Indo-European Roots.] -- AHTD
MLC lists three kinds of verbs differentiated from one another by meaning: {pru.hkring: pra. kri.ya}, {hpris-hkring: pra. kri.ya}, and {rhi.hkring: pra. kri.ya}
1. pru.hkring: pra. kri.ya
1. maung-aung thæÑ kyaung: tho. thwa: thæÑ//
I wa-kya. nhÉik thwa: hu thau: poad ka. maung-aung iÉ. pru.hkring: ko pra. thæÑ// hto-tho. pru.hkring: ko pra. thæÑ. poad ko kri.ya hu. hkau thæÑ// hto.kraung. thwa: thæÑ kri.ya hpris thæÑ//
2. hpris hkring: pra. kri.ya
2. maung-aung thæÑ kyaung:tha: hpris thæÑ//
I wa-kya. nhÉik hpris hu thau: poad ka. maung-aung kyaung:tha: hpris-hkying: ko pra. thæÑ// hto-tho.
hpris-hkring: ko pra. thæÑ. poad ko kri.ya hu. hkau thæÑ// hto.kraung. hpris thæÑ kri.ya hpris thæÑ//
du.ti.ya. wa-kya.
3. taung pro thæÑ//
I wa-kya. nhÉik pro hu thau: poad ka. taung iÉ. hpris-hkying: ko pra. thæÑ// hto-tho. hpris-hkying: ko pra. thæÑ. poad ko kri.ya hu. hkau thæÑ// hto.kraung. pro thæÑ kri.ya hpris thæÑ//
3. rhi.hkring: pra. kri.ya
4. maung-aung iÉ. sa-oap thæÑ sa:pwè: pau mha rhi. thæÑ//
I wa-kya. nhÉik rhi. hu thau: poad ka. maung-aung iÉ. sa-oap sa:pwè: pau nhÉik rhi.hkying: ko pra. thæÑ//
hto-tho. rhi.hkring: ko pra. thæÑ. poad ko kri.ya hu. hkau thæÑ// hto.kraung. rhi. thæÑ kri.ya hpris thæÑ//
Let us summarise:
kri.ya mya:
thwa: / la / sa: / thauk / pyauk / hprauk / kyo: / hkyo: / aip /
hpris / rhi. / ro-thé / ku-Ñi / si:hsing: / pro /
htam:hsaung sa. thæÑ
mhat ran // // pru.hkring: ko hpris sé/ hpris-hkring: ko hpris sé / rhi.hkring: ko hpris sé pra. thau: poad ko kri.ya hu. hkau thæÑ//
1. kri.ya iÉ. a.Daip~pÈý ko ré: pa//
2. auk-pa wa-kya. a.thi:thi: nhÉik pa wing thau: kri.ya ko myiñ:tha: pa//
01. hsa-ra mi.Ba. ko ro thé pa//
02. maung-mring. thæÑ ka.lé: thu-ngèý mya: nhing. o-ming: ma.swam:thu mya: ko ku Ñi thæÑ//
03. ma.waing: thæÑ thu-ngèý-hkying: mya: nhing. hking-hking-ming-ming hsak-hsän thæÑ//
04. maung-mring./ maung-hsing. nhing. maung-ting. to. thæÑ ta-wan ko kyé-pwan-swa htam: hsaung thæÑ//
05. ka.sa: hkyaing nhÉik ka.sa: pa// sa-kyak hkyaing nhÉik sa-kyak pa//
06. ma.waing: thæÑ a.wat-a.sa: ko thap-thap-rap-rap wat thæÑ// hsän-ping ko thé-thé-thap-thap hpri: thæÑ//
07. yan-koan-mro. thæÑ mran-ma-præÑ iÉ. mro.kri: tis-mro. hpris thæÑ// ¹
08. man~ta.lé:mro. twing mro.ro: nhing. kyoän: rhi. thæÑ// ²
09. lu-ngèý mya: thæÑ lam: pring kra. thæÑ//¹
10. hsa.ra-kri: ka. ta.pæÑ. ko hsoän:ma. thæÑ//
UKT:
¹ - I have changed the sentence to suit the times.
² - check this sentence with the original
3. auk-pa kwak-lap a.thi:thi: nhÉik hsi-lyau thau: kri.ya ko hpæÑ. pa//
1. kro:sa:hkring: thæÑ aung-mring-hkring: iÉ. lam:sa. ____ thæÑ//
2. a.pris rhi.thu thæÑ hteik tan thau: a.pris-daN ko ____ ra. mæÑ//
3. hsing thwa: ra lam: ____ thæÑ//
4. thän-hkyé: thæÑ thän ko ____ thæÑ//
5. pring:ri.hkring: thæÑ lu ko ____ thæÑ//
6. sa-hpat hkying: thæÑ piñ~ña ba.hu.thu.ta. ko ____ sé thæÑ//
7. koý-lak lhoap-rha: ka.sa:hkring thæÑ lu ko ____ sé thæÑ//
8. hkyo-tha thau: sa.ka: ko lu-teing ____ thæÑ//
4. pru.hkring: ko pra. thau: kri.ya 5-hku. ko ré:pa//
5. phris-hkring: ko pra.thau: kri.ya 5-hku. ko ré:pa//
6. rhi.hring; ko pra.thau: kri.ya 5-hku. ko ré:pa//
7. auk-pa wa-kya. a.thi:thi: rhi. kri.ya to. thæÑ
mæÑ-thæÑ. kri.ya myo: hpris kraung: ko hpau pra.pa//
tha-Da.ka// //
sa:thæÑ = pru.hkring: pra. kri.ya
pyau-thæÑ = hpris-hkying: pra. kri.ya
rhi.thæÑ = rhi.hkring: pra. kri.ya
01. hpo:ra-za thæÑ piñ~ña rhi. hpris.thæÑ// ¹
02. kyaung:a:rak twing mi.Ba. ko ku-Ñi pa//
03. sa-thing-hkan: htè: nhÉik kyaung:tha: 50 rhi.thæÑ//
04. É-ra-wa.ti-mris thæÑ mrauk-Bak mha. taung-Bak tho. si:hsing: thæÑ//
05. mran-ma-præÑ iÉ. a.rhé.Bak twing rham: koan:pring-mring. rhi.thæÑ//
06. hkying:/ ka.hkying/ ka.ya:/ rham: sa.thæÑ to. thæÑ teing:ring:tha:mya: hpris-kra.thæÑ// ²
07. mi:Bé: kraung. lu-to. iÉ. a.thak-o:aim-sæÑ:saim-mya: pyak si: thæÑ//
08. hkwa-Ño-pan: thæÑ pra-tho-la. twing pwing. thæÑ//
09. mran-ma-præÑ twing ra-thi-U.tu. 3-myo: rhi. thæÑ//
10. kyaung:sæÑ:kam: ko leik-na pa//
UKT:
¹ - I have changed the sentence to suit the times.
² - order changed from akshara order of Burmese-Myanmar to alphabet order of Romabama
UKT: {ka-la.} literally means <time>, that is the time-period during which the verb is effective.
As with Gender and number, tense is not important in every-day speech, which makes Burmese easier than English. Though, the examples given in this section can give the impression that tense do matter in Burmese grammar, they are not as important as in English.
MLC states:
ka-la. thæ kri.ya iÉ. pru.hkring:/ hpris-hkring:/ rhi.hkring:
nhing. sap-hseing thau: a.hkyain ko pra. thæÑ//
• tense 2 n. Abbr. t. Grammar 1. Any one of the inflected forms in the conjugation of a verb that indicates the time, such as past, present, or future, as well as the continuance or completion of the action or state. 2. A set of tense forms indicating a particular time: the future tense. [Middle English tens from Old French time from Latin tempus ] -- AHTD
MLC states:
mran-ma Ba-tha nhÉik kri.ya nhing. sap-hseing thau: ka-la. 3-pa: rhi.thæÑ//
UKT: In view of the present views on spoken language vs. written language, I will have to differentiate between the Burmese speech and the Myanmar akshara in which it is written. The result is I will have to change the terminology of MLC {mran-ma Ba-tha} to {ba.ma-sa.ka: mran-ma-sa} and rewrite the MLC statement:
ba.ma-sa.ka: mran-ma-sa nhÉik kri.ya nhing. sap-hseing thau: ka-la. 3-pa: rhi.thæÑ//
lÉ-kaung: to. mha -
1. pis~soap~pan ka-la.
2. a.tait ka-la.
3. a-na-gat ka-la.
to. hpris kra. thæÑ//
1. pis~soap~pan ka-la.
<present tense>
pru.hsè: / hpris-hsè: / rhi.hsè: a.hkyain a.hka thæÑ pis~soan-pan~nan ka-la.
hpris thæÑ//
1. ya.né. né pu thæÑ//
2. ya.né. né pu iÉ.//
3. hsa-ra la pri//I wa-kra. 3-hku. nhÉik pa-wing thau: thæÑ / iÉ. / pri wi.Bat to. thæÑ kri.ya iÉ. pis~soap~pan ka-la.
UKT: See the MEDict definition of {wi.Bat} in my notes.
2. a.tait ka-la.
<past tense>
pru.hkè. / hpris-hkè. / rhi.hkè. pri: thau: a.hkyain a.hka thæÑ a.tait ka-la.
hpris thæÑ//
1. ma.né. ka. né pu thæÑ//
2. ma.né. ka. né pu iÉ.//
3. hsa.ra pran thwa: pri//I wa-kra. 3-hku. nhÉik pa-wing thau: thæÑ / iÉ. / pri wi.Bat to. thæÑ kri.ya iÉ. a.tait ka-la.
UKT: This statement needs to be checked with the original. As it now stands it is almost the same as the statement for <present tense>. As a tentative correction, I would rewrite:
I wa-kra. 3-hku. nhÉik pa-wing thau: ka. __ thæÑ / ka. __ iÉ. / ka. __ pri wi.Bat to. thæÑ kri.ya iÉ. a.tait ka-la.
thæÑ / iÉ. / pri kri.ya-wi.Bat to. ko "pis~soap~pan ka-la.
pra. kri.ya-wi.Bat / a.tait ka-la.
pra.
3. a-na-gat ka-la.
<future tense>
pru.än. / hpris-än. / rhi.än. thau: a.hkyaing a.hka thæÑ a-na-gat ka-la.
hpris thæÑ//
1. hsa.ra ma.nak-hpran pran rauk mæÑ//
2. a.mran ra.hta: thæÑ ma.kra-mi hseik mæÑ//
3. mo: kaung: lying sa.pa: aung än.//
4. I a.mhu. ko pru. lying a.mya: ka. kè.rè. kra. lat~tän.//I wa-kra. 4-hku. nhÉik pa-wing thau: mæÑ / än. / lat~tän. wi.Bat to. thæÑ kri.ya iÉ. a-na-gat ka-la.
• wi.Bat /wi. ba'/ - n. Gram post-positional marker; word
suffixed to a noun or pronoun to designate it as the subject or object, and to a
verb to indicate time or mood. -- MEDict475
Go back wi-Bat-b
End of TIL page