Update: 2012-01-01 03:45 AM +0630

TIL

BEPS PALI ENGLISH DICTIONARY
Volume 02 : vowels and palatals

UPMT02-indx.htm

Compiled and edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT) (M.S., I.P.S.T., USA) and staff of Tun Institute of Learning (TIL). Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students and staff of TIL  Computing and Language Center, Yangon, MYANMAR :  http://www.tuninst.net , http://www.softguide.net.mm
Entries of Pali words in Pal-Myan and Romabama, and Sanskrit words in Skt-Dev and Romabama. This is to cross-check with Sanskrit sources using the meanings given in the dictionaries.

Based on The Student's Pali English Dictionary  (in Pal-Lat) by Maung Tin, M.A., Professor of Pali, Rangoon College, BRITISH BURMA PRESS, RANGOON. 1920. pp257.
Available on line: http://www.archive.org/.../studentspaliengl00tinmiala_djvu.txt 110811

With additions from U Hoke Sein, Pali-Myanmar Dictionary, {pa.dat~hta.miñ-zu-þa}, in (Pal-Myan and Skt-Myan), in 4 volumes, vol.1 1st. printing ca. 1954, vol.4 1st printing ca. 1959, Ministry of Religious Affairs publication, Rangoon , p1180. [Since Skt-Myan is easily mistaken for Pal-Myan, it is converted to Skt-Dev for cross-checking with Sanskrit sources. However they are not shown to avoid confusion.]

And additions from Sanskrit sources particularly from: A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary - by A.A. Macdonell.

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UPMT02-indx.htm

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{a.sa.} - a1sa1.htm : there might be another file: a1SSa1.htm
{a.za.} - a1za1.htm
{a.ña.} - a1nya1.htm

Since my interest at this point is to compare the Skt-Dev r2c3, c2c4, c2c5 graphemes and the sounds from their conjuncts to those of Pal-Myan and Bur-Myan, we will now jump to {ka.}, {hka.} (and the Skt stand-in «ks»), {ga.}. {nga.} , ... {za.}, {Za.}, {ña.}. - UKT111008
   I have to change my direction of 111008. Now I am going to proceed to PED-UPMT02.indx - UKT111107

The following group is the palatal plosive-stop. Because of their friction, they are mistaken for dental sibilant-fricatives. This group is depicted in Skt-Dev as: च ज ञ [ignore the English transcriptions]. The phonemes च ज are phonemically-related to . In Romabama the grapheme is written as {sa.} and sometimes (but very rarely) as {ca.}. The dental sibilant-fricatives with which  and got mixed up are:  श /ʃ/ and ष /s/ .  One way to resolve this mix up is to think in terms of onset and coda. For palatal-plosive-stop, - pair as onset is {sa.} and {za.} , and as coda {c} and {z}. We will not mention the dental-sibilant-fricative for the present to avoid confusion. -- UKT110929
   It is worthwhile to remember that this group involves the most fricative and most lip-spread phoneme, {Za.} which is probably absent in the highly rhotic Sanskrit. It is present in both Bur-Myan (e.g. {Zé:} 'bazaar') and Pal-Myan (e.g. {Za-na.} 'close intensive observation').
  The nasal of the group,  {ña.} /ɲ/,  is easier than {nga.} to pronounce for non-Burma born people. [Note: In Pal-Myan, {Ña.kri:} is the horizontal conjunct of two {ña.} = {ñ~ña.} and is without a sound. Differentiate from Bur-Myan, where {Ña.kri:} is considered to be a basic akshara. ] . Now try the PTK pronunciation method of teaching given in my notes.

(Caution: I am waiting for input from my peers relating to my observation on {Za.}) -- UKT111001.

¤ {sa.} - sa1.htm
¤ {za.}
  ¤ {Za.} : present in Bur-Myan as {Za-na.}, {Zé:}, etc.
¤ {ña.} [Note: {Ña.} is a conjunct in Pali, but a basic akshara in Burmese]

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UKT notes

UKT: The names of Chandragupta and Chanakya, the king and the king-maker, were mentioned together in the Glass Palace Chronicles written in 1837. In the reproduction (in three volumes in Burmese-Myanmar) published in 1993 by U Soe Nyunt (with preface by Dr. Khin Maung Nyunt, Professor, History Department, University of Rangoon) and a short introduction by Daw Than Myint, Lecturer, Burmese Department, University of Rangoon), vol. 1, p. 87 - 93, we find the two names together. Chandragupta was mentioned as "King Chandragupta" {san~da.goat~ta. ming:} and Chanakya as "Brahmin Chanakya" {za-nak~ka. poaN~Na:}.

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