Medicinal Plants of Myanmar

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UKT: Nagathein references are given to check the Burmese-Myanmar names. * shows where there is no agreement in Burmese name but when the plant is identifiable from botanical name.

{ma.ro:kri:} Calotropois gigantea R.Br. 3-396*
{hkwé:htuk-nwèy} Dregea volubilis Benth. 1-304
{goan-hkyo} Leptadenia reticulata Wt.& Arn. 1-335

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KS-TMN 061

{ma.ro:kri:} Calotropois gigantea R.Br. 3-396*

Botanical name: Calotropis gigantea R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2,11. 78. 1811. Myanmar name: Mayoe-gyi English names: Madar; Vercum Gigantic Swallow-wort Family: Asclepiadaceae Burmese-Myanmar name in Nagathein 3-396: {ma.ro:kri:} Photos: left -- habit with flowers right -- habit with fruits Click on the pictures to enlarge.

Identification characters:
A tall shrub; bark pale, yellowish white, the younger stems terete with fine appressed pubescence, sap milky. Leaves opposite, simple; stipules minute; subsessile; laminae elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong, the bases cordate, sometimes amplexicaul, the margins entire, the tips acute, unicostate, reticulate, thick, glaucous, the upper surfaces glabrous, the lower with cottony tomentum. Inflorescences in axillary umbelliform cymes. Flowers with very long pedicels, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx aposepalous, the sepals 5, ovate, acute, pubescent. Corolla sunpetalous, 5-lobed, broadly campanulate, the lobes deltoid-ovate, the tube short, terminated at its mouth with a ring of corona, the corona-lobes narrow, shorter than the staminal coulumn with 2 obtuse auricles just below the rounded uncut apex. Androecuim monadelphous, stamens 5, the filaments united into a fleshy staminal column, its apex united to the dilated part of the style to form a gynostegium, the anthers dithecous, pollen granular forming pollinia or pollen-masses, 1 in each cell. Pistil 1, the ovaries 2, each ovary 1-carpelled, 1-loculed, the ovules pendulous,, imbricated in several series on a ventral and parietal palcenta, the styles 2, the stigma 5-lobed. Fruit a follicetum of 2 follicles (one aborts); seeds broadly ovoid, compressed, with a tufted micropylar coma of long silky hairs, endosperm thin and small.

Flowering period: March-July
Fruiting period: May-August

Distribution: Commonly grows wild throughout Myanmar

Parts used and uses: Whole plant: root, leaf, flower, fruit and latex -- Flatulence; Diarrhoea; Coughs; Splenomegaly; Haemorrhoids; Abdominal tumours; Intestinal colicp; Pruritis; Sores: Leprosy. Root -- Antidote for snake bites and scorpion stings; Antidote for various poisons; Oedema; Muscle spasticity in legs; Haematinic; Elephantiasis; Eye diseases; Skin diseases; Leprosy. Root bark -- Tooth-aches. Leaf -- Paralysis; Arthritis; Oedema; Cough; as an expectorant; Pneumonia in children; Flatulence in children; Ear-ache; Antidote for snake bite; Elephantiasis. Stem -- Internal haemorrhoids . Flower -- Cholera; Lithiasis. White flowers -- Antisialagogue; For the treatment of cough, asthma, loss of appetite . Latex -- Brain disease; Oliguria; Epilepjsy; Antidote for snake bite; Antirabies; Knee-ache; As an expectorant; Prevents freckle formation

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KS-TMN 062

{hkwé:htauk-nwèy} Dregea volubilis Benth. 1-304

Botanical name: Dregea volubilis Benth. ex Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. iv. 46. 1883. Myanmar names: Gwedauk-nwe English name: Family: Asclepiadaceae Burmese-Myanmar name in Nagathein 1-304: {hkwé:htauk-nwèy} Photos: left -- habit with flowers right -- habit with fruits Click on the pictures to enlarge.

Identification characters:
A tall stout shrub; stems lianous, the younger ones green, smooth, the older branches ash-coloured, glabrous. Leaves opposite and distinchous, simple; stipules minute; petioles long; laminae broadly ovate or suborbicular, the bases rounded or cordate, the margins entire, the tips acuminate, unicostate, reticulate, the surfaces glabrous or puberulent. Inflorescences in axillary umbelliform cymes, many-flowered, subglobose, pendant; peduncles longer than pedicels. Flowers pedicellate, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous, hypogynous. Calyx synsepalous, 5-sect, the lobes ovate-oblong. Corolla synpetalous, 5-lobed, the lobes broadly triangular-ovate, overlapping to the right, the tubes short, greenish; corona staminal, the lobes large, fleshy, spreading, cuspidate, obliquely truncate at top, the inner cusp minute, incumbent on the anthers tops. Androecium monadelphous, stamens 5, the filaments united into a fleshy very short staminal column, the apex united to the dilated part of the style (dome-shaped ) to form a gynostegium, the anthers dithecous, the tips broadly ovate-oblong, pollen granular forming pollinia or pollen masses, pollinia oblongoid, 1 in each cell. Pistil 1,2-carpelled, ovaries 2, each ovary 1-carpelled, 1-loculed, the ovules pendulous, imbricated in several series on a ventral and parietal placenta, the style 2, short, the stigma 1, dome-shaped. Fruit a follicetum of 2 follicles (one aborts), ellipsoid, rugosely striated; seeds broadly ovoid, smooth, with a tufted micropylar coma of long silky hairs, endosperm thin and small.

Flowering period: May-June
Fruiting period: June-September

Distribution: Commonly grows wild in warmer plains.

Parts used and uses: Haematemesis; Aphrodisiac; Sore throat; Abdomial tumours; Appetizer; Carminative; Heals carbuncles; Eczema; Asthma; Antidote for posion; Possess haematinic effect; Infections. Leaf -- Opthalmia; Herpes; Colds; Heals carbuncles

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KS-TMN 065

{goan-hkyo} Leptadenia reticulata Wt.& Arn. 1-335

Botanical name: Leptadenia reticulata Wt. & Arn. in Wight Contril 47. 1834. Myanmar name: Gone-cho English name: Family: Asclepiadaceae Burmese-Myanmar name in Nagathein 1-335: {goan-hkyo} Photos: left -- flowers right -- habit with fruits Click on the pictures to enlarge.

Identification characters:
A twining shrub; stems lianous, much branched, leafy, the younger ones tereted, hoary-puberulous, bark corky, sap milky. Leaves opposite, simple; stipules minute; petioles puberulous; laminae broadly ovate or ovate-oblong, the bases rounded or cuneate, the margins entire, the tips acute to retuse, unicostate, reticulate, the upper surfaces glabrous, the lower with hoary pubescence, coriaceous. Inflorescences umbellform cymes, axillary, the cymes solitary or in pairs, many-flowered; peduncles hoary-puberulous. Flowers ebracteate, ebracteolate, pedicellate, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentuncles hoary-puberulous. Calyx synsepalous, turbinate, shortly 5-lobed, the lobes obtuse. Corolla synpetalous, 5-lobed, rotate, the tube short, the lobes thick, ovate-oblong, the margins revolute, pubescent, greensih yellow; corona double, corolline corona of 5 quadrate truncate fleshy lobes at the sinuses, staminal corona minute, annular, close to the staminal column at the base of the anther dithecous, globose, wihtout terminal appendages, incumbent on the style top, pollen granular forming pollinia or pollen-masses, pollinia 1 in each cell, erect, the tips pellucid. Pistill 1, ovaries 2, each ovary 1-carpelled, 1-loculed, the ovules pendulous, imbricated in several series on a ventral and parietal placenta, the styles 2, the stigma 5-lobed. Fruit a follicetum of 2 follicles (one aborts), straight, turgid, smooth, beaked, woody; seeds narrowly ovoid, with a tufted micropylar coma of long silky hairs, endosperm thin and small.

Flowering period: April-July
Fruiting period: August-September

Distribution: Grows wild, common in dry zone plains

Parts used and uses: Root -- Apthaea; Appetiser; Aphrodisiac; Clears voice; Expectorant; Carminative; Gonorrhoea; Paralysis; Abdominal tumours; Flatulence; Indigestion; Cough; Pyrexia; Antidote for poisons; For longevity of life.

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