Alliaceae family - general characters(Monocotyledoneae)
Allium cepa {krak-ώwun-ni}
Allium sativum {krak-ώwun-hpru}
Allium spp.
compiled by U Kyaw Tun, U Pe Than, and staff of TIL. Not for sale.
Family: Alliaceae 2 entries
Alliaceae family - general characters(Monocotyledoneae)
Allium cepa
{krak-ώwun-ni}
Allium sativum
{krak-ώwun-hpru}
Allium spp.
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From: Families yielding important phytopharmaceuticals in Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, by Michael Heinrich, J. Barnes, S. Gibbons, and E. Williamson, October 2003, ISBN:0443071322, pp.320 -- www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/747.pdf
Allium is the only important genus of this family, which includes not only important food plants such as the common onion (Allium cepa L.), leek (A. porrum L.) and chives (A. schoenoprasum L.), but also the medicinal plant garlic (A. sativum L.). The genus is often included in the Liliaceae (i.e. the broadly defined lily family).
Important medicinal plants from the family
Allium sativum L. (garlic).
Morphological characteristics of the family
These perennial herbs have underground storage organs (onions), which are
used for hibernation. Typically, the flowers are composed of a perianth of two
whorls of three with the sepals and petals having identical shape (i.e. the
calyx and corolla are indistinguishable), six stamens and three superior, fused
gynaecia. This is, in fact, the typical composition of the flowers of many
related families that were previously united with the Liliaceae. The leaves are
simple, annual, spirally arranged, parallel-veined and often of a round shape.
The fruit is a capsule.
Distribution
The 700 species of family are found in northern temperate to Mediterranean regions.
Chemical characteristics of the family
The genus Allium is particularly well known for very simple sulphur-containing
compounds, especially alliin and allicin (Fig. 4.1), which are thought to be
involved in the reported pharmacological activities of the plant as a
bactericidal antibiotic, in the treatment of arterial hypertension and in the
prevention of arteriosclerosis and stroke.
Family: Alliaceae
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
Agri2000 09-0212: {krak-thwan-U.kri:} {krak-thwun-ni-kri:}
Chklist: Kyetthun-ni, Onion
LSR067 :
{krak-thwan-ni U.kri:}
FAO :
KS-TMN: NL
Nagathein :
UHM : NL
Myanmar-Script Spelling
{krak-thwan}
- 
-- MMDict032
{krak-thwan-ni} /|kje' thun ni|/ - n. onion. -- MEDict042
Data above updated (070311) in Akshara index r1c1kaM.htm
Chklist data: 060729
Allium cepa L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated. Common Names: Kyetthun-ni, Onion
Hindi
Sanskrit
English common name used in Myanmar
Agri2000 09-0212: Onion
Chklist: Onion
LSR067 : Onion
FAO :
KS-TMN: NL
Nagathein :
UHM : NL
Picture
Leader - LSR
Plant identification characters
Distribution in Myanmar
Part used and uses
Constituents
Ref. Burmese-Myanmar transcripts
Agri2000 08-0211:
{krak-thwan-hpru}
Chklist: Kyetthun-byu
LSR063:
{krak-thwan-hpru}
FAO : NL
KS-TMN : NL
Nagathein 1-184:
{krak-thwan-hpru}
UHM 03: Kyet-thun-phyu
Myanmar-Script Spelling:
{krak-thwan}
--
MM032
{krak-thwan-hpru} /|kje' thun bju|/ - n. garlic -- MEDict042
Data above updated (070311) in Akshara index r1c1kaM.htm
Chklist data : 060729
Allium sativum L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Garlic, Kyetthun-byu
Hindi:
Sanskrit:
English common name used in Myanmar:
Agri2000 08-0211: Garlic
Chklist: Garlic
LSR 063: Garlic
FAO : NL
KS-TMN : NL
Nagathein 1-184: Garlic
UHM 03: Garlic
Picture:
Leader, left, LSR063
Leader from:
www.foodmuseum.com/images/garlic1.jpg
Photo, Left: plantation
http://wwwlb.aub.edu.lb/~webpleb/photos/alliaceae4/images/allium-sativum.jpg ;
Right: upper: flowers
http://www.toildepices.com/fr/plantes/angio_mon/liliacee/allium/sati08.jpg
Right lower: Cloves of garlic
http://www.toildepices.com/fr/plantes/angio_mon/liliacee/allium/sati08.jpg
Plant identification characters :
A perennial strong smelling bulbous herb. -- UHM
Distribution in Myanmar:
Taunglelon, Hsi-Seng, Shan States -- UHM
Part used and uses:
Fresh bulb. Used as diaphoretic, diuretic,
expectorant, bronchitis, carminative. -- UHM
Constituents:
1. Up to 0.9% of volatile oil
containing diallyl disulphide and allylpropyl disulphide.
2. Glucoside allin.
3. Allicin. -- UHM
Allylsulfinyl-allyl sulfide (Allicin) , C6H10OS2 ,
mol.wt. 162.27, the antibacterial principle, where it occurs in bound form
and is freed by enzymatic action. The action of allicin is considerably more
bacteriostatic than bactericidal. It is about equally effective against Gram
positive and Gram negative organisms. By the cylinder-plate method against
Staphylococcus aureus, allicin shows an activity equivalent to about 15
Oxford penicillin units per mg., which is approximately 1 per cent of the
activity of penicillin; however, allicin is equally effective against the Gram
negative organisms which are practically unaffected by penicillin. The
antibacterial activity is unaffected by the presence of p-aminobenzoic acid.
-- Guenther (citing: Cavallito and collaborators, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 66 (1944),
1950, 1952; 67 (1945), 1032)
UKT: The family Alliaceae was part of the family Liliaceae. And, some botanists (e.g. USDA-NRCS) continue to list the Allium species under the family Liliaceae. However, others have moved them to Alliaceae (e.g. A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs, and Climbers of Myanmar (Chklist)). Since Chklist is a revised ed from the original works by J. H. Lace, R. Rodger, H. G. Hundley, and U Chit Ko Ko, MMPDB-2006 has adopted the classification of Chklist.
Results of search for 'Allium' in the Checklist of Plants of
Myanmar, U.S. National Herbarium, 29 Jul 2006.
Allium acidoides Stearn . Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar
Allium ampeloprasum L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar. Common Names: Htan-kyetthun, Leek, Thinbaw-kyetthun-meik
Allium ascalonicum L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Kyetthun-ni-gale, Onion
Allium cepa L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated. Common Names:
Kyetthun-ni, Onion
Allium hookeri Thwaites. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Kachin.
Allium sativum L. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Garlic, Kyetthun-byu
Allium tuberosum Roxb. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Cultivated. Common
Names: Gyu-myit, Indian leek
Allium wallichii Kunth. Habit: Herb. Distribution: Reported from
Myanmar
Entry format: Botanical name / Family / Ref. Burmese-Myanmar
transcripts Agri.Dept.2000 :
Chklist: LSR : FAO : KS-TMN:
Nagathein :
UHM :/ Myanmar-Script Spelling (
Official Myanmar Dictionaries : - TravPo-M-Dict - Myan-Engl-Dict - Myan-Ortho
/ Chklist data / Hindi /
Sanskrit / English common name used in Myanmar / Picture /
Plant identification characters / Distribution in Myanmar / Part
used and uses / Constituents /
End of TIL file
