mean-indx.htm
A collection by U Kyaw Tun, M.S. (I.P.S.T., U.S.A.), Deep River, Ontario, Canada. Not for sale. No copyright. Free for everyone. Prepared for students of TIL Computing and Language Center, Yangon, MYANMAR .
These pages are in Arial Unicode MS font. Please remember that not all Unicode fonts are alike. Myanmar characters are in gif picture format and you do not need any Myanmar font to read it.
Table of IPA consonants and Myanmar
and Devanagari aksharas
Burmese-Myanmar graphemes
in Romabama
IAST (International alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration) -
Wikipedia
Comparison of Myanmar vowels to
IPA in vowel quadrilateral
Human learning - human-learn.htm
Words and their meanings in human languages -
word.htm
Lexicology -
lexico.htm
Morphology -
morpho.htm
Phonology -
phono.htm
Indo-European languages - IE.htm
Burmese-Myanmar vs. Indo-European languages -
BM-IE.htm
Harmony -
harmo.htm
Word formation -
word-forma.htm
The following are for akshara-to-akshara transliteration between Devanagari and Myanmar.
UKT: Note to digitizer/Devanagari transcriber :
you can copy and paste the following:
Ā ā Ē ē Ī ī Ō ō Ū ū
ȳ
Ḍ ḍ Ð Ḥ ḥ Ḷ ḷ Ṁ ṁ Ṃ ṃ Ṅ ṅ Ñ ñ Ṇ ṇ
Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ Ś ś Ṣ ṣ Ṭ ṭ
Commonly used IPA: ă ɑ ɒ ə ɚ ɛ ɪ ʊ ʌ ŋ ʃ ʧ
ʤ θ ʰ
(triangular colon) ː (question mark without dot) ʔ (square
root ) √
(modifier) ˌ
UKT: Burmese-Myanamr allows only five kinds of pronounceable primary medial: {ya.ping.},
{ra.ric}, {la.hswè:}, {wa.hswè:} and {ha.hto:}. In all, except {la.hswè:} and {wa.hswè:},
the shape of the medial former is changed beyond recognition. However, in the
case of {la.hswè:} and {wa.hswè:}, though the shape of the medial former is not
changed, it appear as the lower member of the vertical conjunct. In addition to
the pronounceable conjuncts, other conjuncts, both vertical and horizontal
conjuncts, are allowed. They are mute. They need an akshara preceding them to
become pronounceable.
On the other hand, Sanskrit-Devanagari allows more conjuncts.
Though I have no first hand knowledge whether they are pronounceable or not (as
of 090829) I find that most of these are beyond my ability to pronounce when I
try to pronounce them. However, for transliteration between Devanagari and
Myanmar, I need to know them.
UKT: In comparing Myanmar vowels to IPA, we usually rely on the following three
diagrams:
(1) The vowel quadrilateral of Daniel Jones and (2) the tongue positions shown
sideways, and 3. sometimes on the lip openings.
However, these diagrams lead us to forget that pronouncing the
vowels depend on the idiolect (person to person), the dialect (group of
persons), the language, particularly the first language, L1 (living languages
such as Burmese, English, Hindi, Mon, etc.), and the language group (such as
Indo-European, Tibeto-Burman, Austro-Asiatic). We must also not forget that what
a person articulate can be judged differently by foreign phoneticians. However,
this last piece of uncertainty can now be taken care of by measuring the
acoustic signals, the so-called formants F1 and F2 and giving a statistical
model in three dimensions as shown below.
End of TIL file