Update:
2011-12-31 06:31 PM +0630
TIL
ENGLISH PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY
DJPD16.indx
Daniel Jones. Edited by Peter Roach, James Hartman and Jane Setter. Cambridge University
Press, 2003.
Scanned by Maung Kan Tun and edited by U Kyaw Tun (UKT), M.S. (I.P.S.T., U.S.A.).
Not for sale. Prepared for students of TIL Computing and Language Center, Yangon, MYANMAR.
index.htm
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DJPD16-indx
UKT note to TIL editors: The DJPD16 files included in P4M series haven't
been revised since 2007. I am in the process of revising them in 2011 to
include them as part of E4MElders series. As a result some of the hyperlinks
may not work. Moreover the textual matter is in need of a thorough revision.
-- UKT110304
Editor-Peter Roach's preface to the 16th Edition
Introduction
- intro01.htm
- intro02-0.htm |
intro02-1.htm |
intro02-2.htm
- intro03.htm
Information panels
- contains my collection from other sources
- infoA-B.htm |
infoC.htm |
infoD-G.htm |
infoH-M.htm |
infoN-P.htm |
infoR-S.htm |
infoT-W.htm
Pronouncing the letters: vowels
-
let-a.htm | let-e.htm |
let-i.htm |
let-o.htm |
let-u.htm
Pronouncing the letters: consonants
-
let-b-c-d.htm |
let-f-g-h.htm |
let-j-k.htm |
let-l-m-n.htm |
let-p-q-r.htm |
let-s-t.htm |
let-u-v-w-x-z.htm
Silent letters: - silent-letters.htm
(to TIL-editor: check the
silent-let.htm and incorporate into the previous file, and then delete.)
Representing vowel-sounds in
English-Latin
Reference
Who was Sir William Jones (1746-1794) ?
Though definitely not the author of DJPD, he was one of the most important
linguists to introduce the English language to the Indian Empire of which
Myanmar was a part for about 100 years.
UKT notes
• Daniel Jones •
William Jones
Contents of this page
UKT: The pages on Information panels contain information I have
collected from other sources. Though the info panels from the original book are
numbered, my collections are not.
Contents of this page
Representing vowel-sounds in
English-Latin
Representing vowel-sounds in
English-Latin
-- UKT: One of my reasons for studying DJPD16 is to help me in developing
Romabama, a one-to-one transliteration of Burmese-Myanmar to English-Latin and
back.
Contents of this page
The English Pronouncing Dictionary (EPD) was first published in 1917 , perhaps the
greatest work of the greatest of British phoneticians, Daniel Jones (born in
1881). Jones was Professor of Phonetics at University College London from 1921
until his retirement in 1949. He was still an occasional visitor to the
Department in 1967 when Peter Roach was there as a postgraduate student of
phonetics, though he died in December of that year. The dictionary was preceded
by a now forgotten work by Michaelis and Jones (1913) in which the phonemic
transcription was presented first and the corresponding spelling followed it.
The last edition in which Jones was directly involved was the 12th, and the 13th
was substantially revised by his successor as Professor of Phonetics at
University College, A. C. Gimson. From the 13th edition, Gimson was assisted by
Dr. Susan Ramsaran, and in her preface to the 14th edition she notes that they
had been making plans for a 15th edition at the time of Gimson's death. After
this, the publishing rights were acquired from the original publishers, J. M.
Dent & Sons, by Cambridge University Press.
With the publication of the 15th Edition in 1997, the EPD entered the computer age.
The type-set text of the 14th Edition was
converted into a computer database, and the task of editing was carried out by a
team of phonetics experts who worked by transferring the data of the developing
new edition in electronic form between universities in Reading, Leeds, Kansas
and Hong Kong, and the University Press in Cambridge. Despite the complexity of
this operation, the process of updating and adding to the previous edition has
been made more efficient, and has enabled this 16th Edition to be prepared much
more rapidly. Versions of the database are available electronically, and are
currently being used by language researchers in both academic and commercial
institutions. For details of licensing the database, see the Cambridge
Dictionaries website:
www.dictionaries.cambridge.org
The English Pronouncing Dictionary has been in use for over 80 years, and
during that time it has become established as a classic work of reference, both
for native speakers of English wanting an authoritative guide to pronunciation
and for users of English as a foreign or second language allover the world.
Above all, the aim of the Dictionary is to include information which is
relevant to the needs of contemporary users and which is presented in the
clearest possible way. This aim has informed both the choice of vocabulary
covered and the range of pronunciations shown. The 15th edition saw a massive
injection of 18,000 new words. Large numbers of terms connected with science and
technology were added, as were hundreds of people and places which had acquired
fame or notoriety in recent years. The more cosmopolitan nature of modern life
was reflected in the increase of geographical names as well as a significant
number of items of international cuisine. Personal names, both first names and
family names, were based on census reports and statistical analysis, and many
subject areas such as literature and law were revised and updated. For the first
time, U.S. spellings and vocabulary items were included.
This 16th edition builds on that work, its wordlist fully updated with items
which have become current since 1997. Another major feature is the addition of
over 150 information panels (
A-B,
C,
D-G,
H-M,
N-P,
R-S,
T-W)
explaining phonetics terminology and discussing the relationship between
spelling and pronunciation.
Perhaps the most significant development of the 16th edition, and the one
which truly takes it into the 21st century, is that it is now available with a
CD-ROM which contains spoken pronunciations of every headword. The CD-ROM gives
both linguists and learners of English a wealth of other features, from advanced
search options on both alphabetic and phonetic characters, the ability to record
the user's own voice and compare it with the spoken pronunciation on the CD-ROM,
and a large number of interactive exercises.
In the Preface to the 15th Edition we thanked the many people who had
contributed to our work, and our debt to them remains. Above all, we are very
grateful to Liz Walter, our Commissioning Editor at Cambridge University Press
who oversaw the production of the 15th Edition and has continued to advise and
encourage us through the work on the 16th.
PETER ROACH, University of Reading
JAMES HARTMAN, University of Kansas
JANE SETTER, University of Reading
Contents of this page
UKT: Please note that the digitization of some
parts of DJPD16 has been undertaken to make a comparative study of the Burmese
and English languages. The reader is advised to take my notes as my view at
the time of the study which may change as the study progresses. To facilitate
the study of Burmese, I have devised a system of transliteration of Burmese in
Latin script which I have named Romabama.
• AHTD. American Heritage Talking Dictionary.
• ANTIM: www.antimoon.com
• DJPD16 (Daniel Jones Pronouncing Dictionary, 16 ed. -- Scanned from printed book
Please also note that I have to identify every phonemic
or phonetic symbol including the diacritical marks given in the printed book.
The task was not easy since the print was quite small. The symbols you are
finding in this digitized version are in Unicode font, and the reader should
note that I could have made mistakes in the reproduction. I have included
the Unicode number for future checking and editing.
As an example: the entry for the word <cradle> is given
as /kreɪ.dl/ in DJPD16. The lower case "l" has a diacritical mark below. In the
small print it looks like a "combining vertical line below" (U0329). It
certainly is not a "combining cedilla" (U0327). However, when I reproduced it
using Arial Unicode MS font, the diacritical mark became shifted with U0329 but
not with U0327: [ l̩ ] and [ ļ ]. Suspecting that what DJPD16 has given might
be a cedilla, I searched the Internet using Google with the search string
"cedilla in pronunciation". One of the results was
http://www.chlewey.org/cs/as-en.html . The website gave the example of
<cradle> where it was stated that "l" was "l
cedilla" with Unicode x13C. Looking into the XP character map shows
that x13C is U013C which gives [ ļ ]. Though I haven't yet made up my mind, as a
temporary measure I will take what DJPD16 has given as U013C.
One remark must be made about brackets:
• Angle brackets < >. In the printed
book a word being referred to is generally within inverted commas. However, in
this digitized version, the inverted commas have been replaced with angle
brackets < >.
• Square brackets [ ]. In the original printed version square brackets [ ] were used to
indicate the phonetic transcription. In this digitized version I have retained
the original square brackets, but have introduced more square brackets to
highlight single letters and digraphs.
• Curly brackets { }. For my additions in Burmese-Myanmar transliterated into
Romabama (Burmese-Latin), I use the curly brackets, sometimes called 'braces'.
For those who can read and write Burmese-Myanmar, I have included the
Burmese-Myanmar script (as inserted .gif pictures) which may not show on your
computer screen, if the link to that pix is lost. However, there can be
exceptions.
The Burmese-Myanmar spelling (in presented script) has been checked
using the official orthography and dictionaries published by the Myanmar
Language Commission (MLC):
• Myanmar Orthography (Myan-Ortho)
by
MLC, Ministry of Education, 1986, pp 292
• Myanmar English Dictionary (Myan-Engl-Dict)
by MLC, Ministry of Education, 1993, pp 635
• Travelling Pocket Myanmar Dictionary (TravPo-M-Dict)
Burmese-Myanmar to Burmese-Myanmar)
by
MLC, Ministry of Education, 1999, pp 401.
• PTK (Phonemic Transcription Key)
www.xibalba.demon.co.uk/jbr/index.html
• SAMPA (Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet)
www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/home.htm
Contents of this page
Text from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)
Photo from:
http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/images/dept/fry.jpg
Daniel Jones was a London-born British phonetician. He
was a disciple of Paul-Edouard Passy. In 1900, he studied at Tilly's Marburg
Language Institute in Germany. In 1903, he received a degree in mathematics at
Cambridge. From 1905 to 0906, he studied with Paul Passy, founder of the
International Phonetic Association, in France, married Passy's niece in 1911 and
studied under Henry Sweet. In 1907 he became a phonetic lecturer in University
College, London, and in 1912 he became the head of department of phonetics. In
1949 he retired. From 1950 to 1967, he was the president of the International
Phonetics Association.
He wrote The Pronunciation of English in 1909 and
An outline of English Phonetics in 1918. This is considered to be the
first comprehensive description of Received Pronunciation. He uses the term
phoneme in
the current sense.
The problem of the phonetic description of vowels was a long-standing one.
Earlier phoneticians such as Bell and Ellis had suggested a system of
reference vowels; and Henry Sweet did much work on the systematic description
of vowels. Jones however was the one who is credited with having solved the
problem by introducing the concept of 'cardinal vowels', a system of reference
vowels which are taught with much care in the British tradition. (Most
British-trained phoneticians can trace their teachers through to Jones.) Jones
uses in his theory a two-parameter diagram to visualize how vowels are
produced. Jones also systematised the phonetic analysis of vowels — still known as the
cardinal vowels. Tongue height is represented on the vertical axis and
frontness and backness on the horizontal axis. Lip-rounding is implicit in the
system, so that front vowels (such as [i e] and [a]) have spread or neutral
lip postures, but the back vowels (such as [o] and [u]) have increased
lip-rounding as vowel height increases. The International Phonetic Association
still uses Jones's model.
Jones studied the phonetics of various languages. In particular, for
example, he did an analysis of the tone in
Tswana. He
developed new
alphabets for African and Indian languages. He also researched
Cantonese,
Sinhalese,
and other non-Indo-European languages.
References: R. E. Asher, The encyclopedia of language and linguistics,
Pergamon Press, 1994
Go back D-Jones-note-b
Contents of this page
by Dr. K. L. Kamat,
http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/people/pioneers/w-jones.htm (last update: Oct 24, 2004)
Downloaded and edited by U Kyaw Tun,M.S. (I.P.S.T., U.S.A.).
for students and staff of TIL. Not for sale.
The author, Dr. K. L. Kamat pays tribute Sir William Jones, the great scholar and visionary,
who came to India as a judge of the Supreme court, and with the help of Charles Wilkins, in 1784
started the Asiatic Society of Bengal and the journal Asiatic Researches. These two
institutions were instrumental in establishing the field of
Indology.
William Jones was born in London on 28th September 1746. His father died when William was only
three years old, but his mother aroused boundless curiosity in him. At a tender age of twenty
he became adept in French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Greek, Latin and English. His knowledge
of Arabic and Persian made King Christian VII of Denmark assign him the translation of "
Tariq-i-Nadiri" into French. He was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1772 and in the
following year, a member of the prestigious Literary Club of Dr. Johnson.
Jones arrived in India in September 1783 a judge in the Supreme Court in
Calcutta. He realized that India had much to offer to the world in the sciences
and the arts, and that the discovery of her rich past and culture could not be
achieved by himself. He discussed with his colleagues and established the
"Asiatic Society" on 15th January 1784, and this was a revolutionary event in
the world of letters. It marked the restoration of ancient learning in and about
India. Jones realized that it was the East, which held the secrets of early
history and civilization of man; and that unless the East was known, the history
of man could not be written.
Jones invented the system of transliteration and translated the Laws of Manu
(Manusmriti) into English. He was the first westerner to study and write a paper
on Indian Classical Music, the first person to put forward a plan for
classification of Indian plants and animals. He was instrumental for compilation
of books on Botany, Zoology, Astronomy and Philosophy. He declared that the
Sanskrit language is of wonderful structure, more perfect than Greek, more
copious than the Latin and thus laid foundation for birth of Science of
Linguistics. Thereafter, many western universities began founding chairs in
Sanskrit. He translated Kalidasa's "Abhiknana Shakuntala" and "Ritu Samhara,"
and Jayadeva's "Gita Govinda" into English. This lead to study of Indian
dramatic literature and mythology. Further he also encouraged study of Indian
chronology.
On 27th April 1794 has passed away because of an inflammation of liver. He
was only forty eight years old, and a great progress in the study of India was
untimely curtailed.
Go back W-Jones-note-b
Contents of this page
End of TIL file
